# Islands & Ice Travel | Antarctica, Arctic & Polar Expeditions — Expert-Led Small Groups > Generated by All in One SEO Pro v5.0.2, this is an llms-full.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. Nature is the Destination ## Posts ### [Antarctica Travel Guide](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/antarctica-travel-guide) **Published:** September 16, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** An in-depth Antarctic travel guide written by an experienced guide and expedition leader to help people choose the best Antarctic travel option. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/12.jpg) # ANTARCTICa TRAVEL GUIDE ## Free Travel Guide for Expedition Cruise and Deep Field Expeditions to Antarctica **To get your electronic copy of the guide or arrange a free consultation with a true expert contact us at hello@islandsandicetravel.com** *“Antarctica is a wild remote wilderness that touches everyone who visits leaving lasting memories and an abiding respect for nature. Visiting Antarctica is a profound experience for scientists, tradespeople, mariners and tourists alike. It’s the only place on earth dedicated to peace, science and human exploration, setting an example for us all on how we can cooperate and collaborate for the benefit of all humankind.” David Sinclair* David Sinclair, Founder and General Manager of Islands & Ice Travel has prepared a detailed destination guide for Antarctica to help people eager to visit Antarctica to navigate the various options. The guide leverages David’s two decades of experience visiting Antarctica as an Expedition Leader, Naturalist, Zodiac Driver and Expedition Host since 2007. Over the past two decades David has guided groups in the Falklands Islands, South Georgia, Antarctic Peninsula, Ross Sea, Commonwealth Bay, the New Zealand sub-Antarctic islands and Macquarie Island. He has spent time in all five major Antarctic gateway cities (Hobart, Ushuaia, Punta Arenas, Christchurch and Cape Town) and has scouted, curated and hosted deep field expeditions to Dronning Maud Land (including the first ever tourism visits to Astrid and Lazarev Emperor Penguin colonies and Lake Untersee). David has also travelled to the South Pole twice. David’s ship-board and polar expedition experience extends to the Arctic where he has served as a guide and expedition leader in Greenland, Svalbard and the Canadian Arctic, skied across Greenland and climbed the two highest peaks in Greenland. David holds a BSc/Llb and practised law between 1998-2024 (managing dual careers) and is an award winning nature photographer. The Guide includes a brief history of Antarctica and sections covering Antarctic governance, Antarctic gateway cities, Antarctic wildlife, the various regions accessible by tourists including the sub-Antarctic islands, tips on how to choose and plan your choice of expedition, packing and reading lists and some tips on how to give back when you return home, supporting science and conservation. Two excerpts from the guide follow to give you sample of some of the things you might not consider when considering the options and booking your trip: Excerpts rom Chapter 7 of the Guide, ‘**How to Choose Your Expedition**‘ ### Which trip do I choose? There are over 50 vessels operating in Antarctic waters during the austral summer and countless agencies around the world offering a range of vessels and itineraries. How do you choose between so many options? There are a lot of variables to consider and each one will vary in importance depending on your budget and what you want to see and do. Key variables for choosing an expedition cruise include: Itinerary, Time of Year, Passenger Numbers, Activities, Vessel Comfort and Amenities, Expedition Ethos & Price. Before we look at each of these variables, a note about online reviews, social media, influencers and travel agents. #### Online reviews Online reviews can be helpful but should be taken with a grain of salt for the following reasons: 1\. Many passengers will swear the ship and operator they sailed with is simply the best despite having sailed with no other or very few other operators, their ability to compare ships and experiences is limited. This is, in part, because it’s quite difficult to have anything but an incredible experience in Antarctica. Antarctica will take you breath away and often the multi-talented and friendly expedition teams will win you over with their knowledge and enthusiasm, it can be the best job in the world! Even passengers who have been a few times have experienced one or two operators or vessels and have little basis for comparison. 2\. There may be some terrible reviews. Again, a grain of salt is required. Antarctica is an unforgiving place and things can and will go wrong and trips will get truncated or cancelled. Often passengers are in no position to make or understand difficult decisions, nor are they expected to be. Any signs that crew or guests are not being treated well and respectfully or of a lack of transparency in managing a crisis can be red flags. The vast majority of voyages proceed incident free but will inevitably involve changes of itinerary as ice, wildlife, weather and the presence of other vessels dictate flexibility. A company’s responses to online reviews can also be insightful, are they considered and helpful or are they robotic, self-serving, non-existent or tone deaf. #### Social Media, Online Forums (for e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Reddit) Facebook groups and online forums also need to be treated with caution. They can be good sources of information, however, in recent years a number of Facebook groups have started up to support people sharing their Antarctic experiences and images. The goal of some of these groups/forums is to channel your interest in to bookings to earn commissions. Transparency is key. #### Influencers & Content Creators Influencers typically receive free trips in exchange for creating content and they often create attractive and compelling content. Most influencers do not have deep experience in Antarctica or across the various ships and operators so are not equipped to help you navigate the options. They are simply trying to sell and earn a commission and/or boost their own engagement and profile or that of the business they are collaborating with. Sometimes influencers promote opportunities to travel with the influencer. The reality is the expedition team and crew are the experts and will do all the heavy lifting on any trip you book. #### Travel Agents Travel agents earn their keep by qualifying for commissions on sales. Some Antarctic operators may pay better commissions or provide better perks for travel agents than others so be aware agents may be motivated to promote a particular operator, vessel or itinerary over others. That said, travel agents work very hard building relationships, knowledge, experience and trust (which is, in large part, what you are paying for by using an agent). A good agent will seek the best deal and trip for you even if that means a smaller commission for the agent. Be aware you are not likely to get a cheaper deal if you go direct to the operator after checking prices with a travel agent. The travel agent’s commission is not paid by you, rather the commission is paid by the operator. #### Dodgy websites and dodgy Instagram ads There are a number of websites and social media accounts seeking to cash in on Antarctic tourism. There are often tell-tale signs that they have their own interests and not yours at heart and apparently have no clue about Antarctica. Keep an eye out for AI imagery (like mid-summer Auroras – images taken in the Arctic and unbelievable discounts. ### Questions to ask yourself before you decide Before making a decision ask yourself the following questions and consider the variables below to help you make a decision: 1\. What do you want out of this trip? Is it adventure, is it luxury, is it to go to a particular location or to pursue a special interest (e.g., kayaking, diving, photography, skiing, bird watching, scenic flights, history, a specific species etc). 2\. How do you like to travel? Are you someone who will be glued to the ships rail the entire time and want to maximise every minute outside and just need a place to rest your head on sea days or do you appreciate fine cuisine, fine wine and butler service on the journey? 3\. How long do you have (voyage duration can vary from 8 or 9 nights up to 28+ nights)? The shorter fly/cruise trips are well suited to Americans who have shorter annual leave allowances than their Australian or European counterparts. 4\. What is your budget? Prices can range from slightly south of US$10,000 to over US$100,000 per person (higher prices tend to be for luxury suites on luxury ships) and even seven figure sums for a luxury super yacht charter. 5\. Do you wish to avoid spending time at sea? If yes, then maybe the deep field options or the fly cruise option is better. Keep in mind most people manage just fine and live to tell the tale. Every vessel will have a doctor on board with whom you can consult prior to heading into open ocean, although it’s a far better idea to have a plan well before you board a vessel. The answers to these questions and consideration of the variables that follow will help you narrow the options and hone in on the right choice for you. ### Vessel Stability, Comfort and Amenities Most people booking their first expedition cruise will be blissfully unaware of some of the points of difference between vessels. There are a range of factors to consider: stability, manoeuvrability, ice-class, cabin location and operational efficiency. #### Vessel Stability Stability is a common and key consideration for many. The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean have fearsome reputations. You could experience anything from the ‘Drake Shake’ to the ‘Drake Lake’, there’s simply no way of knowing until you get a reliable forecast (typically no more than 24 hours prior to departure). There are a range of factors that affect stability of a vessel including sea state, swell direction of swell, stabilisation mechanisms and the relationship between the vessel’s centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy. There’s no easy way to rank the relative stability of ships visiting Antarctica. The main thing to know is some of the smaller vessels can be less stable. One positive development in recent years is the newer vessels can make the crossings faster and with better weather forecasting it’s easier to avoid extreme conditions. With sea-sickness, prevention is most definitely better than cure. If it’s any comfort, literally hundreds of thousands of people have survived the crossing of the Drake Passage in the past few decades. Keep hydrated, don’t drink alcohol, lie down and take your medication before it gets rough. 37 Cabins that are lower down and around mid-ship are generally the most stable. Cabins lower down are generally cheaper too. #### Ice Class & Polar Code Vessels sailing to Antarctica are all required to meet the Polar Code. In a nutshell this is IMO’s International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) is mandatory under both the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). The Polar Code covers the full range of design, construction, equipment, operational, training, search and rescue and environmental protection matters relevant to ships operating in the inhospitable waters surrounding the polar regions. The Polar Code entered into force on 1 January 2017. All vessels sailing to Antarctica should be Polar Code compliant. The Ice Class of vessels visiting Antarctica varies considerably. Ice class refers to a notation assigned by a classification society or a national authority to denote the additional level of strengthening as well as other arrangements that enable a ship to navigate through sea ice. We’ll avoid going down a rabbit hole here but suffice to say tourism vessels operating in Antarctica tend to fall into three categories: - Nudge sea ice, proceed slowly and carefully (PC6 & PC7) - Fairly aggressively move sea ice. (PC 5) - Ice breaker – there is only one, Ponant’s Le Commandant Charcot which can pretty much go anywhere in Antarctica (PC2). Note no ship can move icebergs and most Masters will seek to avoid sea ice as it tends to slow a ships progress considerably impacting the overall itinerary and Zodiac operations (Zodiacs can get trapped by fast moving sea ice so expedition team always need to take great care to ensure they can steer their Zodiacs back to the mother ship when there is a lot of ice around). #### Manoeuvrability and Operational Efficiency Most vessels will have bow and stern thrusters capable of manoeuvring the ship in high winds and some will be fitted with azipods allowing dynamic positioning that can keep the vessel in one spot without anchoring (this is good for the environment as anchoring can scar sensitive seabed environments). Good manoeuvrability can also be the difference between running an excursion and not running an excursion. If the ship cannot manoeuvre to provide a lee at the side gate or marina deck where Zodiacs load passengers then operations may be unsafe and an excursion may be cancelled. Some ships have sub-optimal designs for Zodiac operations. It can take an hour to mobilise and demobilise all of the Zodiacs and equipment which eats into excursion time. Experienced crane operators, sailors (who catch boats) and expedition team can make a huge difference to operational efficiency and ultimately safety (particularly where conditions worsen quickly). It is very difficult to determine which ships are best set up for expeditions just by looking at a picture of the vessel or reading the marketing materials. This is where expert knowledge can assist. #### Outer Deck and Bridge Access It is a great pleasure and privilege to be allowed access to the ship’s bridge (where the navigators steer the vessel). It’s often a fascinating place and a nice quiet and warm place to view the open ocean and spot seabirds and whales. Many ships have open bridge policies, affording access to guests during the day with a few exceptions (docking, when a pilot is on board or when the Master wishes to close the bridge for any reason). Some do allow access or only allow limited access so if this is something you’re keen to experience, it might be worth asking in advance if the ship you plan to sail on has an ‘open bridge policy’. Take care to understand what this means as some ship simply offer ‘bridge tours’ for an hour or two each day. This is not the same as an ‘open bridge’. Outer deck access is important for bird lovers, whale watchers and photographers. Preferably there will be access in Antarctica to the bow, stern and port and starboard rails at multiple levels offering 360 degree access and different perspectives. Deck closures are at the Master’s discretion. Outer decks can be closed for safety reasons on sea days or if there is a lot of ice and snow on the outer decks making them slippery and treacherous. #### Amenities Older retro-fitted vessels tend to have smaller basic cabins and a single dining room with fairly standard cuisine. Some of these ships had prior lives in ice-filled waters supporting science or as Baltic car ferries and often have a little ‘character’. The newer purpose built vessels have large mud-rooms (where you change into your expedition gear), day spas, large lecture theatres, multiple dining rooms and bars and some palatial suites. If luxury is your thing, then there are plenty of options in this category and the competition is fairly intense so there may be some good deals. Remember, however, that the point of going to Antarctica is to experience the harsh beauty and wilderness. You do not want to isolate yourself from this environment so much that you fail to fully experience and appreciate the place you set out to explore. Sometimes luxury can isolate you from the very environment you come to experience so again, it’s very important to ask yourself what you want from this experience. Luxury can also put an unexpected dampener on good old fashioned spontaneous fun where gathering in the only bar on board to tell tall tales, sing and dance is all part of the experience. #### Environmental Performance Sustainability is and ought to be a serious consideration for any activity, particularly in pristine and vulnerable destinations. It is, however, beyond our knowledge and expertise to assess and compare the environmental footprint of the various vessels, itineraries and associated operations (including supply chains and waste management). Some operators have been known to claim they’re actively preserving or saving Antarctica when they’re simply following the rules and protocols or engaging in citizen science initiatives that many other operators support. We recommend you review information on an operator’s website with through a critical lens and try to differentiate between marketing materials and meaningful and considered actions taken to minimise environmental impact. Don’t hesitate to ask pointed questions and keep an eye out for greenwash. **To get your electronic copy of the guide or arrange a free consultation with a true expert contact us at hello@islandsandicetravel.com** **Our signature Antarctic tours** are: [Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) tours and [Geographic South Pole & Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) tours. ![Water Boat, Deception Island](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Deception-Island-2-6-1024x680.jpg)Water Boat, Deception Island ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Exploration Science in Antarctica for Moon and Mars Missions](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploration-science-in-antarctica-for-moon-and-mars-missions) **Published:** February 25, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** An expedition to advance off-world exploration science for Moon and Mars missions. Extreme weather and isolation afford opportunities to simulate extraterrestrial hazards in Antarctica **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Tim-Ice-Wall.jpg) # Advancing Off-World Exploration Science for Moon and Mars Missions in antarctica ## Advancing Off-World Exploration Science for Moon and Mars Missions in Antarctica We’re delighted to finally be able to share to share more about an exciting project we’ve been working on for nearly two years. Many of the expeditions and itineraries we put together involve long lead times, challenging logistics and a team of experts. Islands & Ice Travel’s first dedicated scientific expedition to Antarctica was no exception. In January 2026, our GM, David Sinclair hosted a team of leading geoscience and space scientists and engineers in Antarctica together with Islands & Ice Travels partner, Ultima Antarctic Logistics. The team included experts in their fields including Brian Glass of [NASA Ames Research Centre](https://www.nasa.gov/ames/), Carter Fortuin of [Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin Company](https://www.blueorigin.com), Fulbright Scholar, Cody Paige of Columbia University, and Dale Andersen of the [SETI Institute](https://www.seti.org) together with geoscience experts from [Fleet Space Technologies](https://www.fleetspace.com/about) one of Australia’s fastest growing companies and explorer and environmental scientist, [Tim Jarvis](https://www.timjarvis.org/about/). The team travelled via Cape Town to Dronning Maud Land where they deployed Fleet Space’s off-world seismic technologies alongside the [TRIDENT](https://www.nasa.gov/mission/polar-resources-ice-mining-experiment-1-prime-1/)-like drill, a regolith and ice drill destined for the Moon with NASA’s [Artemis](https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/) program, and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, to develop a methodology where high-resolution subsurface imaging and drilling operate as an integrated, data-driven system. [![The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploration of New Terrains (TRIDENT) is a 1 m class drill developed for capturing regolith and ice during the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) and the Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment (PRIME-1) lander missions to the south pole of the Moon.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Drill-Tent-1.1-1024x682.jpg)](https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2022/pdf/1068.pdf)The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploration of New Terrains (TRIDENT) is a drill developed for capturing regolith and ice during the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) and the Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment (PRIME-1) lander missions to the south pole of the Moon.The cost and difficulty of transporting materials and life support systems to the Moon and Mars is prohibitive. To build permanent research stations on the Moon and Mars, it is necessary to find and figure out how to use local resources. By pairing real-time seismic sensing with off-world drilling systems that act as seismic sources, the team advanced the science to de-risk drilling decisions on the Moon and Mars with real-time subsurface intelligence. This approach enables lunar and martian mission planners to rapidly identify high-value drilling targets, de-risk infrastructure development, and increase the probability of finding high-grade ice, subsurface structures and other critical resources earlier in the mission cycle. For future off-world missions, such capabilities will be essential in reducing launch mass, conserving energy, and ensuring that each operation is informed by precise geological insight. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/a3d95a7a-7dbc-4e90-954d-94120a06a0b4-1024x576.jpg)Members of the team lay out a DAS line on the Fenristunga (Wolf’s Tongue glacier) in the Drygalski MountainsTesting was conducted at three sites in Dronning Maud Land. The first site was very close to Oasis Camp, the very comfortable base we use for our early season ‘[Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land)’ expeditions situated in the largely ice-free Schirmacher oasis adjacent to the Nivl Ice Shelf. The team also conducted tests at Lake Untersee and on the Fenristunga (Wolf’s Tongue Glacier) adjacent to the west face of mighty Ulvetanna (the ‘Wolf’s Fang’) in the Drygalski Mountains, both extraordinarily beautiful destinations we have visited on past small group expeditions to Antarctica. ![Cody Paige (Columbia University) and Imelda Alexopoulos (Fleet Space Technologies enjoying a bluebird day for science at Lake Untersee](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/IMG_1887-1024x768.jpg)In the field at Lake Untersee, a globally significant and spectacular astrobiology and space analogue site.Together we demonstrated that we could bring together institutions, disciplines, and expertise from across the global space ecosystem to advance science in Antarctica at sites that closely resemble conditions that might be encountered on the Moon and Mars (space analogue sites). ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Dream-Team-2-1024x682.jpg)The Team.Conducting science in Antarctica is expensive, logistically challenging and risky. Getting things done requires planning, patience, ingenuity and collaboration. We are proud to have played a leading role in organising this expedition together with our partners at Ultima Antarctic Logistics and are keen to use our knowledge and expertise to utilise existing logistics networks to facilitate science in Antarctica across a range of disciplines. An expedition to Antarctica requires considerable forethought, planning and preparation. Islands & Ice Travel can assist with permitting, planning, organising transport both to and within Antarctica and hosting/guiding teams safely in Antarctica. Contact us (scroll down) to inquire about your expedition, be it scientific, documentary film-making or a private expedition to Antarctica (land or sea). ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Tips for better photography in Antarctica and the Arctic](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/2719) **Published:** October 23, 2022 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Tips by veteran award winning polar photographer David Sinclair to help you on your polar photography journey **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Penguin-colony.jpg) **All of our trips offer fantastic opportunities to capture compelling images of wildlife (including Polar bears and Emperor penguins and Humpback whales), stunning landscapes and incredible ice features. Check out our Tours from the dropdown menu on the Homepage to see what’s offer and [Contact Us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) with any questions about what you can expect to see and photograph on any of our tours.** You’ve booked your trip of a lifetime to the polar regions and you’re super excited. You’re a keen photographer and you want to capture stellar images to wow your friends and family or if you’re a pro, you want to wow your clients and followers. ## Traveling to Antarctica or the Arctic with photography equipment Here are a few tips to help you prepare for one of the best places on planet earth for photography. When booking flights, if you have heavy camera gear avoid travelling on budget airlines that rigorously impose carry-on baggage weight and size restrictions. The last thing you want to do on the trip of a lifetime is have someone take your camera gear and stow it in the hold of an aircraft leaving it to the whims of baggage handlers. If you know you are going to have a problem, consider purchasing a pelican case and take care to do your research on security issues encountered at any airports on your route (expensive gear is know to go missing at some airports). ## Know your camera gear Familiarise yourself with your camera, lenses and camera settings before leaving home and be sure to bring plenty of batteries, a charger and lots of memory/film. Even if you have a photographer host on your trip, they will likely not have lots of time to help you set up and understand all your camera settings. In any event there are so many cameras on the market, the chances are your photography host may not be familiar with yours. There are a lot of Youtube videos that can help you unbox and set up your camera. If you’re a keen photographer, bring your laptop and an external hard drive to download, back up and edit as you go. It’s a good idea to bring a copy of your camera manual (electronic copy if possible to save weight) to troubleshoot error messages and settings. ## What to consider when choosing a camera bag for polar regions Make sure you have a decent pack to keep your gear dry and protected. If you don’t have a dry bag you may wish to bring a liner for the inside of your camera bag. Salt water and electronics do not mix. If you do get salt water on your camera, immediately remove the battery and use a cloth with fresh water to remove salt and dry it out in rice, or some other dry or water absorbent environment/material. ## Clothing considerations for photography in polar regions Good gloves are vital. Try gloves that are warm enough but also thin and grippy enough to manipulate your camera settings (or use your phone camera) without having to take them off. Being warm is critical to your ability to spend time outside. Wild weather affords great opportunities for compelling images so dress to stay warm and comfortable. You will miss opportunities if you have to bail out because you’re too cold or you are shivering and tired. ## Know what you want to photograph and how to do it Practice makes perfect. If you’re keen to capture a beautiful shot of the world’s largest bird by wingspan, the Wandering Albatross, practice shooting birds in flight at home. If you want to capture compelling slow pans, practice your slow shutter speeds on animals at homes such as gulls and dogs. 1/5th produces some interesting ghosting effects. 1/30th -1/60th produces sharper images of a subject while streaking the background. ![Buller's Albatross in flight](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/7-1024x684.jpg)*Buller’s Albatross in flight*Know your camera and know how to change settings quickly. There are so many great photo opportunities but some of them don’t last long. One minute you might need a fast shutter speed to capture a Skua swooping over a penguin colony, the next you might want to shoot a backlit penguin chick and underexpose heavily to capture rim lighting. If you can react and manipulate your settings quickly, you’ll be able to capture great images more consistently. Clean penguins generally make for better shots than dirty penguins. You’re more likely to find clean penguins returning to the colony. Cloudy skies are generally better for shooting ice, albatross and penguins. There can be too much contrast on bright sunny days to capture details in the highlights and the shadows. High contrast lighting can, however, be a great time to experiment with black and white photography. ![Black and white image in the Drygalski Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Drygalskis-BW-3-1024x683.jpg)*Black and white image in the Drygalski Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica*Some of the best opportunities may happen late at night. You can catch up on sleep when you get home! ![Aurora borealis display in the back of Scoresby Sund, East Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Aurora-2-1-1024x683.jpg)*Aurora borealis display in the back of Scoresby Sund, East Greenland*In Antarctica, some of the best action shots happen at the water’s edge around penguin colonies. Find a nice quiet spot where the light is at your back and the backdrop for your images is ‘clean’ and wait for the penguins to come and go. We all need to take great care not to block any ‘penguin highways’ or change the behaviour of any animal just to get ‘the shot’. Don’t be afraid to play with exposure and shoot some ‘high-key’ and ‘low-key images (over-exposed and under-exposed). Get creative once you’ve got your safe and sharp “keepers”. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/14-1024x684.jpg)*High key portrait of a Chinstrap Penguin*Get down low, to eye-level. This may mean lying down and getting that jacket and pants dirty but you’ll get more impressive shots. (Please note biosecurity requirements prohibit sitting, lying or kneeling in Antarctica anywhere near wildlife. Please do follow the instructions of your leaders and guides. These rules are mandatory and put in place to protect people and wildlife and reduce the spread of H5 bird flu between colonies. With wildlife, for the most part make sure you get the eye of an animal in focus. An animal looking directly at the lens often provides for a more engaging portrait. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1-1024x683.jpg)*Polar Bear portrait in monochrome*If you’re a landscape photographer, you may want to pack a tripod and a 9 or 10 stop ND filter for your wide-angle lens to get some lovely long exposures (capturing the movement of clouds and water). ![Long exposure at Seljalandsfoss, Iceland in winter](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Iceland-For-LinkedIn-19.jpg)Long exposure at Seljalandsfoss, Iceland in winterConsider bringing two camera bodies you. It’s nice to have two camera bodies so you can have a wide lens on one and a telephoto on the other. This reduces reaction time and removes the need to change lenses and expose the interior of the camera to the environment. ## Drone (UAV) Photography in the Polar Regions with [IAATO](https://iaato.org/faqs/are-drones-allowed-in-antarctica) and [AECO](https://aeco.no/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Operational-guidelines-06-2026.pdf) Operators Personal or recreational use of drones (or unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs) is strictly prohibited for guests on board IAATO and AECO member expedition ships in Antarctica and the Arctic. The rationale is drone use can disturb wildlife, cause noise pollution and create litter or safety hazards and not all drone users are sufficiently experienced or responsible. Permission to fly a drone for commercial purposes may be obtained from a National Competent Authority. Typically a long time horizon is required and strict rules will apply to any drone flights including having an observer present for all flights. Theist majority of people will travel to Antarctica with an IAATO operator or the Arctic with an AECO Operator. If you travel to Antarctica with an operator that is not an IAATO member you will still need a permit to fly a drone or UAV in Antarctica. ### IAATO’s Drone Use Policy IAATO Members have agreed that they will not allow the recreational use of drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in the unique coastal areas of Antarctica, until more is known about their responsible use. This ban will be reviewed annually in May to allow for potential technological advances and further developments within the regulatory community. IAATO members allow the recreational use of authorized UAVs in the interior of Antarctica under strict and carefully controlled conditions. Antarctic travellers interested in using a UAV for purposes other than recreational or personal use in Antarctica must check with their tour operator or travel agent in advance of travel. As for all human activities in Antarctica, a permit is needed. Non-IAATO members and private expeditions should contact their relevant Competent Authority or government agency if they intend to operate a UAV anywhere in or around Antarctica (for example, Australian citizens must seek permission from the [Australian Antarctic Program](https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/environment/environmental-impact-assessment-approvals-and-permits/). IAATO member operators must include an application to fly UAVs within their overall permit application. The difficulty for prospective UAV pilots is that Treaty Parties, and IAATO members, are concerned about their use in Antarctica; flying drones is a relatively new activity and while there are situations when they may be of value (e.g. science, ice reconnaissance for vessel navigation, education, including documentary film making), there are many questions still to be answered in terms of their potential impact on the environment. The use of UAVs is therefore in a state of development and, until more information is available, both the Competent Authorities and IAATO Member Operators are taking a precautionary approach when it comes to their operation. The intention is to devise a pragmatic policy framework that will allow safe and environmentally responsible use under controlled circumstances. ### AECO’s Drone Use Policy AECO has banned the general use of UAVs by revenue passengers in the Arctic. The use of UAVs for special purposes may be decided by the operators within the limits of regulations and AECO guidelines. UAVs/Drones can under no circumstances be used to pursue or approach wildlife. Our Founder and General Manager has obtained a permit to fly a drone for commercial purposes and flown a drone under a separate scientific permit to obtain accurate population estimates of recently discovered Emperor Penguin colonies in Dronning Maud Land which we visit on our [Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) expeditions. ![Aerial image of guests walking in the "Labyrinth", a series of channels in the Nivl Ice Shelf carved by meltwater at the height of summer](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/The-Labrynth-4-1024x683.jpg)*Aerial image of guests walking in the “Labyrinth”, a series of channels in the Nivl Ice Shelf carved by meltwater at the height of summer*## Remember to put the camera away and take it all in! Finally, and most importantly, remember to put the camera away and find time to sit quietly and soak it all in. Pictures and memories are distinct. Pictures rarely capture the sounds, smells and magical moments that are shared with each other. ![Sitting quietly by the Ilulissat Icefjord in Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Illulisat-Icefjord-Selfie-1024x683.jpg)*Long exposure – Sitting quietly by the Ilulissat Icefjord in Greenland**All images copyright David Sinclair* ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** antarctica, arctic, photo tips, photography, pola travel, wildlife photography --- ### [How and When to Swim with Humpback Whales in Vava'u Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/3119) **Published:** September 27, 2023 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** What to know and when to go. Swimming with Humpback whales in Vava'U, Tonga is a magical experience with small expert led groups with a maximum of 6 people **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-scaled.jpg) # # how and when to swim with Humpback Whales in Vava’u, Tonga ## Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava’u, Tonga. Humpback whales inhabit all of the world’s oceans. There are seven distinct populations in the southern hemisphere, all of which migrate each summer to Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters to gorge on krill. Each southern winter the whales migrate to warmer waters to give birth and mate. In Tonga this translates to a whale swimming season from July through until October. Whale swimming operations are run from four main locations in Tonga, Vava’u in the north, Tongatapu (the main island and main population centre in the south), Ha’apai and ‘Eua. Vava’u has the most whale swimming operators with good reason. The island group provides protection from prevailing winds and on the NW side of the islands, visibility is often fabulous for underwater photography enthusiasts. Vava’u also offers a more laid-back Tongan experience compared to the main island of Tongatapu. The numbers of people swimming with whales is restricted with a limited number of operators licensed to run whale swimming operations. In addition, under Tongan regulations, no more than four people are allowed in the water with a guide at any one time. All the best whale swimming vessels are small, typically carrying less than 10 people including guide and skipper. Larger boats can carry up to 30 people, meaning less time in the water with the whales for each person. Do your homework when comparing operators and prices. Flights to the islands, accommodation on the islands and other amenities and activities in Tonga are limited which also act to curb visitor numbers. We have partnered with an experienced local operator to offer exclusive small group departures capped at 6 guests with all accommodation, meals and airport transfers included. [Check out the tour page for dates and rates. ](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) [Read this short story by our founder David Sinclair about his humpback whale experience in Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/swimming-with-humpback-whales-in-tropical-tonga)[.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ## A day on the water swimming with humpbacks in Vava’u There are no live aboard operations in Tonga. Each operator is limited to 7 hours on the water each day and SCUBA diving and free diving with whales is prohibited. In Vava’u most operators head out between 7-8am and return between 2-3pm. For each swim there are no more than 4 swimmers plus a guide allowed in the water. This affords plenty of time to locate, observe and determine if and when it is appropriate join the whales in the water. For more details on local regulations [click here](https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ton136447.pdf) (noting this may not be the most up to date information). The guide and skipper will assess behaviour and decide if an approach is appropriate. The first person in the water is the guide. The guide communicates with the skipper with hand gestures as to whether or not the swimmers can enter the water and approach. When entering, it’s important to slip into the water quietly and approach together. A minimum 5 metre distance must be maintained between you and the whales. We are not there to disturb whales but to quietly observe. During late season, the calves have fattened up on mothers milk and are more likely to stray from mother’s reach. On a few occasions a calf approached us for a look before returning to its mother. The bond between mother and calf is extraordinary to witness. They are clearly very tactile animals. The whales also have incredible control and spatial awareness, seemingly turning on a dime or gliding by without any discernible movement. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-4-1024x683.jpg)Above the surface we see plenty of flukes, tail slapping, tail sailing, breaching and more. Beneath the surface you can witness more intimate behaviours and hear the whales communicating or singing. You may even witness a calf feeding, scooping mother’s rich fatty milk from the water. Or you might witness a heat run where a chain of males pursue a female. [To join us, check out the tour page for dates and rates.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ### Other activities and photo opportunities in Tonga, above the water and onshore During the day you will typically stop for a spot of lunch on shore. Here you can snorkel around the limestone bommies and reefs flanking Vava’u. On the way back into Neiafu you might stop for a swim in Swallows Cave or Mariner’s Cave. The pressure in Mariner’s cave constantly changes as water ebbs and flows in and out. With the change in pressure, water vapour appears and disappears inside the closed cave. It’s an extraordinary experience. Both caves present fabulous underwater photo opportunities. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Smile-and-wave-3-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Vavau-split-2-1024x683.jpg)Once back in Neiafu, it’s time to view and edit your images and video, or just kick back and enjoy the warm air and sea breezes. ### Meals and restaurants in Vava’u, Tonga There are a few restaurants in Vava’u including Kraken, Mango and Harbour View. The menus are seasonal. Neiafu is resupplied weekly from Tongatapu so some menu items may not be available. There is a local fresh food market where you can stock up on drinking coconuts, papaya, bananas and other fruits and vegetables. A series of small convenience stores stock a range of staples such as pasta, rice and tinned goods. It’s a bit of a treasure hunt to find ingredients for home cooked meals, however, between the restaurants, the market and the convenience store you’ll get by just fine. Sundays are rest days in Tonga. Apart from church, you’ll rarely spot a soul in the streets. A respectful visit to a church service is recommended. Be sure to wear appropriate, modest clothing and be prepared to be blown away by the extraordinary harmonies. It’s quite refreshing to time travel back to an era when shops and other businesses closed for the day. However, you will need to plan ahead to make sure you have what you need for your Sunday. A few restaurants will open on Sundays but not much else. [To join us, check out the tour page for dates and rates.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ## Flying to Tonga Flying to Vava’u you’ll pass through Tongatapu or Fiji. We recommend flying via Fiji as the local Tongan airline Lulutai can be a little challenging to deal with. Flights may only be booked by email or Facebook and payment must be made by direct transfer in Tongan currency. Lulutai are also prone to changing flight times. On one occasion I had a flight leave 90 minutes early but was not advised of the early departure time. Even the daily schedule posted on the Lulutai Facebook page showed the original time of departure so there was no way to know I needed to arrive at the airport earlier. Luckily Lulutai did get me on the flight which had closed but had not departed. ## Photography equipment for Tonga If you wish to bring a drone, be prepared to have your drone taken off you at the airport either in Vava’u or Tongatapu util you obtain the necessary paperwork for permission to fly your drone. I elected not to bring my drone as I arrived in Tongatapu on a Saturday afternoon and left on a Monday morning leaving me no time to arrange the paperwork. This is another reason to fly to Vava’u from Fiji – it allows time to clear the local hurdles and fly your drone. For the underwater photography enthusiasts I recommend two camera set ups: (1) Your DSLR or mirrorless camera in an underwater housing (no flash photography with the whales), and (2) a GoPro for video. The GoPro can be mounted on the DSLR housing, giving you a single apparatus with multiple imaging options in the water. (3) there is plenty of action above the water so you may want a second camera body with a telephoto lens fitted to capture breaching, tail sailing, tail slapping, pectoral fin slapping etc. Remember to occasionally put the camera down and just marvel at the incredible experience of swimming with humpback whales. Read more about capturing images and video of Humpback whales [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/capturing-majestic-gentle-giants-tips-for-underwater-photography-of-humpback-whales-in-tonga). [To join us, check out the tour page for dates and rates.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ### Walks and wildlife photography in Vava’u, Tonga If you have spare time in Vava’u, a walk up Mt Talau offers lovely views of the bays and islands. Remember your water bottle. If you’re a bird lover keep an eye out for the delightful Crimson Crowned Fruit Dove, Pacific Imperial Pigeon, Pacific Kingfishers, Wattled Honeyeaters, the rarely seen Tongan Whistler and the gregarious Pacific Flying Foxes. On the water you will encounter Frigatebirds, Boobys, Noddys, Tropic Birds, Herons and a few assorted Shearwaters and shorebirds. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Crimson-Crowned-Fruit-Dove-1024x683.jpg)Crimson Crowned Fruit DoveFinally, Tonga is a developing country and works on “island time”. So park your expectations that everything will run perfectly. It’s all part of the charm and an important part of winding down from our busy lives. [To join us, check out the tour page for dates and rates.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ![Neiafu, the commercial centre of Vava'u taken from the summit of nearby Mt Teapu.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Neiafu-1024x683.jpg)Neiafu, the commercial centre of Vava’u taken from the summit of nearby Mt Teapu. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** gentlegiants, humpbacks, swimmingwithwhales, tonga, vava'u, whales --- ### [Amazing Antarctic Peninsula Voyage Video](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/amazing-antarctica) **Published:** February 4, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A trip video from Islands & Ice Travel's Founder and General Manager on the companies inaugural voyage to the Antarctic Peninsula **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Penguin-colony.jpg) ## An amazing Antarctic adventure We have so many pictures and videos to share from our Antarctic Peninsula Explorer voyage that concluded on 22 January 2024 in Ushuaia, Argentina. This trip had a very special group of curious, fun and friendly adventurers to explore Antarctica in true small-group expedition style. Our 51 guests experienced an intimate authentic expedition, something that has become the exception rather than the norm. We’ll have more to say about the trip when we get a chance to catch our breath. In the meantime, you can watch a video capturing a few highlights of the January 2024 voyage delivered by Islands & Ice Travel. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** adventure, antarctica, penguins, wildlife photography --- ### [What is it like to swim with Humpback whales in Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/swimming-with-humpback-whales-in-tropical-tonga) **Published:** September 12, 2023 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A firsthand account of what it's like to swim with Humpback Whales in Vava'u, Tonga, including the different types of encounters **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-4-scaled.jpg) ## What is it like to swim with humpback whales in Tonga? ## A firsthand account of swimming with whales ##### by David Sinclair ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-BW-9-Sep-2023-1024x683.jpg)Humpback Mum and Calf, Vava’u, TongaLucky sits cross legged on the bow of “No Bananas” keeping a keen eye on the horizon for any signs of whale activity, a tell-tale blow, a fin breaking the surface or a fluke gracefully disappearing into the deep blue sea surrounding Vava’u in the north of the Tongan archipelago. Lucky is a fortress of a man, chiseled from stone, a rugby player and at home in the sea. He knows his whales. In Vava’u Tonga, humpback whales are never far away. We know Lucky’s spotted something when the good natured banter between Lucky and our Tongan skipper Villie takes on a slightly more urgent tone and peels of infectious laughter burst from Lucky’s lungs. He clearly loves his job, and what’s not to love. The coastline of Vava’u is flanked with rainforest clad limestone cliffs, coconut palms gently swaying in the pacific breeze. In the ‘winter’ months around four thousand Humpback Whales aggregate in Tongan waters, the mothers to give birth and nurture their calves in relative safety and the fathers to search for a mate. The water is a lovely 24oC and a deep blue. The visibility on the more protected western side of Vava’u can be phenomenal. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Maike-with-Humpbacks-1024x683.jpg)### Day 1 Swimming with humpback whales On our first morning we’re in the water not long after leaving the safe harbour of laid back Neiafu, the commercial centre of Vava’u. I am totally unprepared for our first encounter. I’ve seen the images/video, read accounts and I’ve seen literally thousands of humpback whales, feeding, breaching, tail slapping and migrating. But I am simply not mentally prepared to be in close proximity to a 40 tonne mother humpback fully inverted in the water, ’tail-sailing” with her calf nestling gently against her belly between her giant pectoral fins. The calf rises to the surface for a breath and circles its mother. We’re all speechless. Nature can be that way, profoundly beautiful. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Vavau-split-2-1024x683.jpg)Later in the day we encounter a heat run, a seething chain of males intent on passing on the genetic code to the female in front. Again, it’s a profoundly moving experience to see these gargantuan creatures glide effortlessly through the water and disappear after a glimpse into their personal lives. Movement is almost imperceptible yet they glide forward at a pace that no human can match even Lucky with tree trunks for legs and stiff free-diving fins. Experiencing the heat run is exhilarating. On display is the full power of these massive mammals, contrasted against our relatively tiny and less than graceful form in the water. My first day has delivered the two most incredible whale encounters of my life and I still have many more days to look forward to. ### Day 2-7 Swimming with humpback whales Day 2 does not disappoint. We find our first “singer”. A lone male humpback inverted some 15 metres down singing its heart out endlessly with an array of vocalisations that reverberate through my chest as I float on the surface above. We have more encounters with mums and calves, seemingly unperturbed by our presence. The bond between mother and calf is tender and unmistakable. One of our group emerges from the water tears streaming down her face, the overwhelming nature of the encounter touching a nerve deep within. [For details on our trips, click here.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-3-1024x683.jpg)### Day 8 Swimming with humpback whales Our final day is a quieter day. Stronger winds have us bound by protected waters to the west, restricting our movements. We still see whales and get in the water but I’m not at all disappointed that we don’t have any intimate encounters, rather I feel gratitude for the encounters we’ve had. I’m left feeling our guide is aptly named ‘Lucky’ and am relieved that these creatures are no longer hunted on their long journey to Antarctica and back each year. Islands and Ice Travel has partnered with an experienced local operator to offer exclusive group departures including all meals, accommodation and airport transfers and 5 days swimming with just 6 guests and a guide. [Check the tour page for dates and rates. ](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) [Read more about what to know before traveling to Tonga to swim with the whales here.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/3119) [Contact us for more information and be sure to leave a callback number.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** humpbacks, swimming, tonga, whales, wildlife photography --- ### [Capturing Majestic Gentle Giants: Tips for Underwater Photography of Humpback Whales in Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/capturing-majestic-gentle-giants-tips-for-underwater-photography-of-humpback-whales-in-tonga) **Published:** September 29, 2023 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Tips for capturing underwater images of Humpback Whales in Tonga including tips about camera gear, camera settings, composition and whale behaviour **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-4-scaled.jpg) # Capturing Majestic Gentle Giants: Tips for Underwater Photography of Humpback Whales in Tonga ## Capturing Majestic Gentle Giants: Tips for Underwater Photography of Humpback Whales in Tonga by our founder and award-winning nature photographer David Sinclair Each year, Humpback whales migrate to Tonga’s warm waters to breed and give birth. This offers a unique opportunity for underwater photographers to capture intimate portraits and interesting behaviour. If you’re planning to embark on an underwater whale photography adventure in Tonga, here are some useful tips to help you make the most of this incredible experience. ### 1. Plan Your Trip During Whale Season Humpback whale swimming season in Tonga typically runs from July to October. Earlier in the season calves are smaller and a lighter colour. As the season progresses the calves grow and the mothers start to lose condition. Older calves tend to explore further away from their mothers. Regardless, any interaction with mum and calf will offer an incredible insight into the bond between the two and wonderful photo opportunities. ### 2. Choosing equipment for underwater photography Selecting the appropriate photography equipment is crucial for successful underwater humpback whale photography. Here’s some things to consider. #### Camera Body for underwater photography Opt for a high-quality DSLR or mirrorless camera with excellent low-light performance. If you’re serious, and the budget allows, bring a second camera body which can be dedicated to shooting with a longer lens to capture activity above the water. #### Lenses Invest in a versatile lens with a zoom range suitable for various shooting scenarios. A wide-angle zoom lens (e.g., 16-35mm) is essential for capturing close encounters with the whales. A second camera body and telephoto zoom lens (e.g., 80-400mm) is desirable for shooting breaching or tail-slapping whales, Spinner dolphins and some of the magnificent seabirds such as Frigates, Boobys and Tropic birds. #### Underwater housing Ensure your camera is protected in a reliable underwater housing specifically designed for your camera model. Double-check its waterproof seals and functionality before taking it into the water. Ensure the housing allows you to manipulate all the settings you need to access. It’s worth investing a little more money in a housing that gives you peace of mind that you’ll be able to get the shot and won’t expose your gear to salt water. If you have a basic housing and cannot manipulate key settings, shoot with a wide-angle lens in manual mode at around 1/400th at f8 and set the ISO to Auto. You will want to underexpose shots of the bright white underbelly close to the surface. If you cannot adjust exposure compensation underwater you will have to choose your exposure settings before entering the water. #### Video It’s hard to go past the latest iterations of the GoPro and it’s easy to attach a GoPro to most camera housings. Try shooting 4k at 60fps to afford you the opportunity to slow down the video in post. This may be useful if you’re swimming and shooting in choppy conditions, or finning while filming. This also frees up your main camera body for shooting stills. When filming you may capture the sounds of whale song. Do your best to keep your breathing quiet and calm to avoid unwanted distractions in the audio. The video below is a short unedited clip of a Humpback calf rising for a breath taken with the GoPro Hero 11 in Vava’u. ### 3. Mastering your camera settings Getting comfortable with your camera’s settings is vital for capturing the best humpback whale photos. Here are some settings to consider. #### ISO Keep your ISO as low as possible to minimise noise in your photos. However, in low-light conditions, you may need to increase it slightly to maintain a fast shutter speed. #### Shutter Speed Use a fast shutter speed (1/250s or faster) to freeze the motion of the whales. Faster shutter speeds are essential when the whales breach or engage in rapid movements. #### Aperture Aperture is less important when shooting with a wide-angle lens. You can open up the aperture if you need to let in more light. There is usually plenty of available light close to the surface so stopping down a little is just fine. #### Focus Set your camera to continuous autofocus mode to track the moving whales effectively. Check the results and if you are not acquiring focus easily try different autofocus settings. Micro-organisms in the water column can distract the autofocus. #### White Balance Adjust your white balance settings to match the prevailing underwater lighting conditions. Underwater scenes may have a blue or green tint, so post-processing adjustments may be necessary. Shooting in RAW will make it considerably easier to adjust white balance in post-production and you can simply leave white balance on auto. #### Strobes Strobes are not allowed in Tonga and would make no sense anyway. The natural light is excellent. ### 4. Approaching whales Humpback whales are wild animals, and it’s crucial to approach them with respect and consideration for their well-being. Tonga has strict regulations governing whale interactions to protect the animals. - Always follow the directions of your local guide who are familiar with the rules and whale behaviour. - Respect the recommended minimum distance to avoid disturbing or stressing them. - Allow the whales to approach you if they choose to. - Never attempt to touch or interact physically with the whales. - Maintain a passive presence, and let the whales dictate the level of interaction. - Avoid being behind the whales to avoid startling a whale and to avoid the powerful tail fins. - Also avoid surrounding a whale. You will be briefed to stay in a tight group on one side of the whale. - Do be aware of others around you to try not to get in each other’s shots. ### 5. Composition Composition is key to creating visually stunning humpback whale photographs. It’s nice to look for a little separation between whales or interesting behaviour, particularly ‘tender moments’ between mother and calf. Always be aware of the direction of light. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-copy-1024x683.jpg)### 6. Editing your images #### Colour Correction Adjust the colours to bring out the natural beauty of the underwater world. Remove unwanted colour casts, such as excessive blue or green tints. #### Contrast and Clarity Enhance contrast and clarity to make the whales stand out against the background. Be careful not to overdo it, as excessive editing can make your photos look unnatural. #### Cropping Crop your images to improve composition or remove distracting elements while preserving image quality. #### Noise Reduction Apply noise reduction techniques to minimise noise, especially in low-light conditions. #### Spot removal It is inevitable that there will be some distracting spots in your images. These can be water bubbles or microorganisms floating in the water. It’s nice to remove any nasty distractions using a clone tool. These distractions often appear amplified in black and white conversions. ![Mother and calf Humpback whales](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-2-1024x683.jpg)### 7. Respect the environment Remember that humpback whales are just one part of the fragile underwater ecosystem in Tonga. Always practice responsible behavior: - **Avoid Littering or pick up litter**: Dispose of your trash properly, both on land and in the water. Never discard anything in the ocean. - **Do Not Touch Coral**: Coral reefs are delicate and easily damaged. Refrain from touching or standing on them when snorkelling or diving. - **Use Reef-Safe Sunscreen**: Choose sunscreen that is labelled “reef-safe” to minimize harm to the coral reefs. - **Support Conservation Efforts**: Consider donating to or volunteering with local organizations dedicated to protecting Tonga’s marine environment and its inhabitants or contributing to citizen science initiatives such as the [Tongan Fluke Collective](https://www.facebook.com/groups/tonganflukecollective/). Underwater photography of humpback whales in Tonga is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that requires patience, respect for nature, and a deep appreciation for these magnificent creatures. By following these tips and guidelines, you can capture stunning photographs while ensuring the well-being of the whales and the preservation of the marine environment. [Click here for more information on our Humpback Whale Swimming tours.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Redefining Luxury Travel](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/redefining-luxury) **Published:** July 28, 2022 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** The term luxury means different things to different people. In expedition travel the ultimate luxury is having the time and space to really enjoy a destination **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Illulisat-Icefjord-Selfie-scaled.jpg) # Redefining luxury TRAVEL The term ‘luxury’ means different things to different people. The Oxford Dictionary defines luxury as a ‘*state of great comfort or elegance, especially when involving great expense*‘. This traditional definition of luxury doesn’t really resonate. In the past few years there has been a proliferation of new polar class expedition vessels entering the polar expedition cruise market. Almost all of these new vessels carry in excess of 100 guests and in many cases 200 or more guests. Almost all of them are classed as luxury or ultra-luxury vessels with an array of features including wellness spas, butler service, Michelin-inspired menus, high-speed internet connectivity, satellite TV and in some cases submarines and helicopters. These vessels all deliver an amazing luxury experience in the Oxford dictionary sense. Luxury trappings and creature comforts can, however, have the effect of isolating or insulating people from the very environment they seek to experience. The ship, the toys, the champagne and caviar are not the attractions. The attractions are the wildlife, the ice, the vast landscapes, the solitude and the friendships and camaraderie forged in shared experience. The real luxury is having the time and the space to slow down and enjoy the journey. Bigger is not necessarily better. In Antarctica there is a strict maximum of 100 guests allowed to land at any site at the same time (with a maximum of 50 guests at a few select sites). There is also a strict time allocated to each vessel for each site (the sites must be booked). Ships with more than 100 guests cannot land all of their guests at a site at the same time. Typically guests must rotate through these sites, reducing the time ashore at each site for everyone. Many operators offer a range of activities such as zodiac cruising, kayaking, stand-up paddle boarding and even snorkelling, submarine dives and helicopter scenic flights while others are on shore. It takes time to deploy and bring back on board all the equipment and toys and it takes time to brief guests to ensure everyone is in the right place at the right time. More toys and larger groups generally result in less flexibility for the Captain and Expedition Leader to respond to opportunities. In addition, submarines and helicopters are more vulnerable to cancellation due to weather conditions, sea state and poor visibility. If landing is the only safe and practical option that will mean waiting your turn and less time ashore if there are more than 100 guests on board. If you’re an avid wildlife photographer be sure to do your homework before you book. The number of guests, size of the ship, layout of the ship, itinerary, optimal time of year to visit and cabin choice can all make a signifiant difference to the quality of your experience. Humpback whales don’t tend to start arriving in large numbers on the Antarctic Peninsula until January. Leopard Seals are more active later in the season. Penguin chicks first appear around mid-December. It’s hard to photograph seabirds following ships if there are no vantage points on the stern. Many of the new ships promote comfortable observation lounges but these interior spaces are no good for wildlife photography. The greatest luxury for a wildlife photographer is being afforded opportunities to be in the right place at the right time. A small ship with good outer deck space and a simpler efficient operation affords more time ashore and less toys means less noise, movement, delay and less FOMO as guests with lots of choices inevitably end up disappointed if they cannot do their activity of choice or if they are signed up and the activity is cancelled. If you’re keen to visit the Arctic or the Antarctic, we recommend you do your homework before you book. Identify your priorities then consider the best time of year, style of travel and itinerary for you. Don’t let the glossy brochures and luxury trappings distract you from choosing the experience you want. Champagne and caviar are available in most five star hotels around the world, polar bears and penguins are not. Opportunity cost is not measured in currency alone, it’s also measured in time and space. **To get an electronic copy of our Antarctic Travel Guide written by an industry insider or to arrange a free consultation with a genuine expert contact us at hello@islandsandicetravel.com** ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Penguin-High-Five-1024x684.jpg) **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** antarctic, arctic, expedition cruise, photography, polar expedition, polar travel, redefining luxury --- ### [Explore Svalbard on a Micro Expedition Cruise](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/sensational-svalbard-high-arctic-gem) **Published:** October 15, 2023 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Svalbard is a high Arctic gem with dramatic landscapes, icescapes and extraordinary history and wildlife, best experienced on an expedition micro cruise **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_9242-scaled.jpg) # Explore Svalbard on a Micro Expedition Cruise ## Sensational Svalbard – High Arctic Gem Between 78 and 81 degrees North on the edge of the Arctic Ocean, the remote archipelago of Svalbard beckons to those with a thirst for adventure and a profound love of nature. ### Hardy Wildlife Svalbard is renowned as one of the last truly wild places on Earth and a sanctuary for wildlife. Witness the awe-inspiring sight of polar bears roaming the sea ice in search of Ringed or Bearded seals; reindeer grazing on the mosses, lichens and delicate tundra flora; arctic fox patrolling towering bird cliffs; and walrus lazing in the summer sunshine. Svalbard is also home to an array of cold climate specialists including guillemots and Ivory Gulls. This rare and enigmatic gull is often found around polar bear kills. The cold, nutrient-rich waters are home to a range of cetaceans including humpbacks, belugas, fins, minkes and the rare bowhead. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-19-1024x682.jpg)### A land of gorgeous mountains and glaciers Glaciers reign supreme, shaping the land with their unrelenting flow. The interaction between ice and rock has given rise to an array of remarkable land forms. U-shaped valleys, carved out by glaciers, dot the landscape. Moraines are visible reminders of the glaciers’ ongoing movements. Raised beaches hint of colder periods when ice completely covered the land. The region’s dramatic peaks, offer a striking contrast to the ice-covered valleys, creating a landscape of stark beauty. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_9242-1024x768.jpg)### Svalbard’s Rich History Svalbard’s history is as rich and rugged as its landscapes. From the early whalers, hunters and trappers who ventured here centuries ago, to the coal miners, explorers and modern-day researchers, the human story of Svalbard is fascinating. One can explore the remnants of abandoned mining towns and trapper’s huts. Ageing weather-scoured structures stand as silent witnesses to the hardy souls who once toiled in unforgiving Arctic conditions. Svalbard is governed by the Spitsbergen Treaty dating back to 1920. Enshrined in the treaty is a commitment to cooperation and non-militarisation. Norway’s sovereignty is recognised, but other nations have rights to engage in peaceful commercial and industrial activities. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-11-1024x686.jpg)### Arctic Flora The Arctic’s harsh climate may seem an unlikely place for thriving flora. Svalbard’s plant life is a testament to nature’s tenacity. Hardy plants like Arctic cotton grass, saxifrage, and mountain avens manage to thrive amid the rocky and icy landscape, painting the tundra with splashes of colour during the brief but intense summer. These resilient plants are essential for the survival of the local fauna, providing sustenance and nesting materials for the various bird species. ### The Ultimate Expedition Cruise Destination Svalbard is a destination that calls to nature lovers and experienced travellers. An expedition cruise on a small vessel into the heart of one of the planet’s most pristine yet fragile landscapes. It’s a chance to experience the raw beauty and the remarkable adaptations of life in the far north. For those who have travelled the globe in search of untamed beauty, Svalbard is the culmination of their quest. It’s an unspoiled Eden where nature’s wonders unfurl in all their magnificence, and history whispers its tales of human ambition and survival. Every visit to Svalbard is an invitation to connect with wilderness, an opportunity to embrace your inner explorer and to disconnect from the rigours of urban life. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Svalbard-6-1024x732.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Svalbard-5-1024x682.jpg) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** arctic, cruise, expedition, polar bear, Spitsbergen, Svalbard --- ### [Winter Magic from Iceland's South Coast](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/3404) **Published:** March 4, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A short video showing highlights from a road trip to photograph the beauty of Iceland's south coast in winter. Waterfalls, Aurora and Ice **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Ice-Cave-7.jpg) ## Iceland Adventures – February 2024 We recently returned from a reconnaissance trip to Iceland with a few friends. Here is a little YouTube clip showing a few highlights. We would love to return with a small group of nature and photography lovers. The dramatic scenery and beautiful winter light create incredible photo opportunities. There is also a chance of experiencing the aurora borealis during the long nights at high latitude. Below are a few images from our recent trip, including an aerial image from the 8 February Svartsengi eruption and magma flow. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Volcano-Sunrise-1024x683.jpg) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vestrahorn-2-3-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Cave-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Svinafell-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Fjarllsalon-1024x683.jpg)- ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Diamond-Beach-2-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reindeer-2-1024x683.jpg) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Return to Tonga to Swim with Humpback Whales](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/return-to-vavau-swimming-with-humpbacks-2024) **Published:** September 13, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A short video by Founder and General Manager David Sinclair from a Swimming with Humpback Whales trip to tropical Vava'U, Tonga **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Close-encounter.jpg) ## Swimming with Humpbacks Vava’u 2024 Another year and another magnificent life-affirming experience in Vava’u. Our tagline is “Nature is the Destination” and nature sure turned it on for us in Vava’u with beautiful encounters with Humpback whales including a male singer and a very curious and playful calf, schools of baitfish in limestone caves, vibrant corals, Tropic and Frigate birds and glorious sunrises and sunsets with a gorgeous tropical backdrop. Check out the 6 and a half minute slide show put together by David Sinclair. This will give you a great idea of what to expect if this is on your list of incredible adventures. To learn more about dates and rates for 2025 click [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga). A huge thank you and shout out to the team at Swimming with Gentle Giants who take great care of us on and off the water. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** humpbacks, photography, tonga, whales --- ### [Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains Expedition Highlights](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) **Published:** December 13, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A short video produced by Founder and General Manager, David Sinclair showcasing highlights of Islands & Ice Travel's Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains Expeditions in Antarctica **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lazarev-North-Emperors-for-web-2.jpg) # Emperors and mountains of dronning maud land – november 2024 ## Emperors and Mountains of Dronning Maud Land As far as we know Islands & Ice Travel in partnership with Ultima Antarctic Expeditions are the first to visit two Emperor Penguin colonies on a single Antarctic expedition. What made these visits even more special was our guests were among the first few dozen people ever to visit each colony. Both the Astrid and Lazarev North colonies were only recently discovered through analysis of satellite imagery. The Astrid colony was first visited in November 2023 and the Lazarev North colony on 5 November 2024. In addition our guests were the first ever tourists to visit the incredible Lake Untersee, home to Dale Anderson’s astrobiology camp and possibly the last as this site is set to become an ASPA (Antarctic Specially Protected Area). To top it off we had an extraordinary late afternoon flight to the Drygalski Mountains where we landed in three separate locations to admire the north and west faces of iconic Ulvetanna and the sheer west face of extraordinary Holtanna. The destinations were incredible and the flights to and from the destinations stunning, putting the fun and adventure back into flying. To see for yourself what this extraordinary adventure was like, click on the video below. To inquire about joining Islands & Ice Travel’s Founder and veteran polar guide, David Sinclair in Dronning Maud Land in 2025 or beyond [**Contact Us**](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) and check out the [**tour page**](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) for dates and details. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** antarctica, ddronning maud land, emperor penguins, expedition, penguins, photography, polar travel, queen maud land, ulvetanna --- ### [Supporting Antarctic Science at Islands & Ice Travel](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/supporting-antarctic-science) **Published:** December 22, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** It's incumbent on any tour operator working in Antarctica and other remote regions to support science and conservation wherever possible **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Lake-Untersee.jpg) # Supporting Antarctic science ## SUPPORTING ANTARCTIC SCIENCE Islands & Ice Travel is pleased to announce it will contribute US$500 to critical Antarctic science for each guest that travels with Islands & Ice on a deep field Antarctic expedition in 2025. With a total of 24 places available on our [Emperors and Mountains of Dronning Maud Land](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) and [Emperor Penguins and South Pole](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/antarctic-peninsula-explorer) expeditions this equates to a sum of up to US$12,000 that will be available to support a post doctoral or PhD student to commence or complete critical Antarctic science. We know what an extraordinary privilege it is to visit some of the remote and rarely visited locations on our deep field itineraries and with that privilege comes a responsibility to proactively seek opportunities to support science on a continent which is devoted by international treaty to peace and science. To this end, in 2023 we reached out to a leading Emperor Penguin scientist in our home town of Hobart to see if aerial images of the three Emperor Penguin colonies we are permitted to visit would assist scientists to obtain the first accurate colony size estimates of these recently discovered colonies. A permit was obtained to fly a RPA (remotely piloted aircraft or drone) to obtain aerial images. The permit included 34 conditions to minimise risk of intereference with the penguins among other things. We were able to successfully obtain aerial images from which counts of the chicks of the season can be made to arrive at a colony size estimate. We’re pleased to advise the Lazarev colony is home to around 1100 healthy chicks in early November 2024 and the Astrid colony, 5,600 chicks. We plan to seek permission to repeat this exercise each season so we can assist in building a longer term study of the size of these colonies. ![Emperor Penguin chicks huddling with an adult at Lazarev Colony](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Emps-15-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin chicks huddling with an adult at Lazarev Colony![Lazarev Emperor Penguin Colony from the air](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Lazarev-North-2-1024x683.jpg)Image above is of the Lazarev Emperor Penguin colony. The image was taken from the Twin Otter aircraft as the pilots circled to scope out the approach and landing which was out of screen (bottom left of the image). In the image you can see a group of adults at the ice edge and the bulk of the colony set back from the ice edge. The colony is neatly wedged between two large tabular icebergs which appear to be holding the sea ice in place. The advantage of having the ice edge close is the adults have only a short distance to travel to reach open water and their food source. The disadvantage is the colony is vulnerable to early ice break up. Hopefully the birds have a really good sense of where the strongest most protected ice is. Scientists can observe the exact location of the colony each year through monitoring of satellite imagery. Currently, resolution of satellite imagery is not adequate for conducting accurate colony counts. Islands & Ice Travel is also: - in advanced discussions to facilitate and manage a scientific expedition to Dronning Maud Land next season; - investigating installation of a remote weather station in Dronning Maud Land to help fill a gap in climate data for the region and facilitate better weather forecasts for the region; and - investigating other ways we can facilitate important work by virtue of our visitation to parts of Antarctica that national science programs are not planning to visit. In addition, our guests raised US$3,445 for [Oceanites](https://www.oceanites.org) and [Antarctic Science Foundation](https://antarcticsciencefoundation.org) on our January 2024 [voyage to the Antarctic Peninsula](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/amazing-antarctica). We have also tried and failed to facilitate dedicated whale science voyages but don’t see that failure as a setback. It’s an incredibly difficult place to operate and it’s expensive which is why collaboration is critical. We’re always interest to collaborate to assist science and conservation on a continent that we revere, a continent dedicated to peace and science that serves as a beacon and an example for the other six continents. ![Lake Untersee](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Lake-Untersee-1024x683.jpg)Lake Untersee – Dale Andersen, astrobiologist explains the significance of the incredible science being conducted at Lake Untersee to Islands & ice Travel guests on the first ever tourism visit to Lake Untersee. This excursion was a one-off and a very special opportunity for Islands & Ice Travel guests to see a remote deep field science camp and to learn about the incredible work Dale and the scientists at Lake Untersee have been engaging in. It’s extremely rare for any tourism group to have the opportunity to visit a remote science camp. Lake Untersee is expected to become an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (an ASPA) at the next Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (in Milan in May 2025). You can read more about the work of Dale and other scientists at Lake Untersee [here](https://astrobiology.com/2024/10/dale-andersens-field-report-preview-2024-lake-untersee-field-season.html). ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** antarctica, dronningmaudland, emperor penguins, science --- ### [Flying to the South Pole from Cape Town, South Africa](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/a-postcard-from-the-south-pole) **Published:** September 11, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Flying to the Geographic South Pole and an Emperor Penguin colony from Cape Town South Africa is a bucket list item for any explorer, aviation enthusiast, polar historian and nature lover **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Cermonial-Pole.jpg) # Flying to the South Pole FROM South Africa by Islands & Ice Travel Founder and General Manager, David Sinclair ## Flying to the South Pole At the geographic South Pole, where all the lines of longitude converge and the sun neither rises nor sets for part of the year, stands one of humanity’s most remarkable scientific outposts. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station serves as the southernmost year-round research station in the world, functioning as a critical centre for cutting-edge scientific research. Named after legendary polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, this research station, arguably, represents the pinnacle of human scientific ambition in one of Earth’s most extreme environments. ### How to Travel to the South Pole in 2027 Click here to learn more about our [Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) tours including dates and rates. In the austral summer of 1911-1912, both Scott and Amundsen engaged in arduous overland journeys to reach the south pole. History records Amundsen beat Scott to the pole by a matter of 37 days. It was such a difficult and dangerous undertaking that no human beings visited the South pole over land again until November 1956. Today the South Pole is accessible to those without the physical strength and mental endurance to traverse the vast white expanse of the polar plateau on skis. We travel by air from beautiful Cape Town, South Africa to an ice runway in Dronning Maud Land where the journey continues in a Basler BT-67. Stepping on board the Basler is like stepping back in time to a more pioneering age in aviation. The Basler is a combination of the reliable DC-3 frame (which dates back to 1935) with twin engine turboprop engines and a retractable wheeled ski-equipped undercarriage. The Basler is well suited to Antarctic operations with its payload/range characteristics and its ability to take off and land in short distances. With a maximum range of a little over 2000 nautical miles we will need to refuel on our journey that takes us from 70 49’S to 90S and back. A short time after take off we fly through the Wohlthat Mountains, a glorious range of stark brown peaks emerging from the ice. It’s the last time we will see anything other than the vast white expanse of the polar plateau. Flying over the ice for hours gives you a sense of the immensity of the continent, of the sheer volume of fresh water tied up in Antarctica. I have even greater admiration for the early explorers that braved intense cold, snow blindness, hunger and more with rudimentary gear. It’s the very definition of an unforgiving, hostile environment yet it’s beauty is undeniable, a vast untamed landscape stretching thousands of kilometres from coast to coast. ![Wohlthat Mountains from the Air](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Mountains-from-Basler-1024x683.jpg)Wohlthat Mountains from the AirThe flight to the pole is punctuated by a visit to the Ultima High Latitude Camp close to 83oS to refuel the Basler before continuing the journey to the southern-most point on the globe at an altitude of 2840m (9300 feet). Supplemental oxygen is available in the unpressurised cabin. The expedition doctor travelling with us, periodically tests our oxygen saturation levels with a fingertip pulse oximeter to ensure a safe and comfortable trip from sea level to the pole and back. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Refuel-at-FD83-1024x683.jpg)Refuelling the Basler at 83S### Scientific Bases at the South Pole Construction of the first station at the South Pole commenced in November 1956, to carry out observations for the International Geophysical Year (‘IGY’) of 1957-1958. In 1975 a geodesic dome was built to house a new station. Construction of a new elevated design commenced in 1999 and the current iteration of the Amundsen-Scott station was officially dedicated in January 2008. There are now, according to the National Science Foundation website, 47 buildings, ‘*of varying sizes, including housing, offices, science laboratories, a store, a food growth chamber and dining, recreation and medical services*.’ Most station personnel arrive in ski-equipped aircraft while most cargo and the fuel required to power the station, machinery and scientific equipment is delivered via overland traverses from McMurdo Station, a distance of around 1,360kms or 850 miles as the skua flies or 1600km (995 miles) on the designated route. The Amundsen-Scott Station and surrounds sits within an Antarctic Specially Managed Area or ‘ASMA’. ASMA sites are areas within Antarctica for which management plans are put in place to assist in the planning and coordination of activities within a specified area, avoid possible conflicts, improve cooperation between Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) and minimise environmental impacts. The ASMA around the South Pole covers the station and surrounding long term research and monitoring sites. According to the text of [Antarctic Specially Managed Area No. 5,](https://www.ats.aq/devph/en/apa-database/78) “*the area is located in a region of high scientific value due to many factors including its exceptionally clean air, isolation from sound, vibration, and electro-magnetic interference (EMI), geophysically stable location, unique ice conditions and the isolated population of Station inhabitants. The Area also has significant historical value, containing the Ceremonial Pole and Amundsen’s Tent*”. The Amundsen-Scott station supports up to 150 people in summer and up to 42 in winter. Operating in temperatures that can plummet to below -80oC (-112oF) during the austral winter, the station must contend with conditions that make it one of the most challenging places on Earth to conduct scientific research. Yet, these same harsh conditions provide unique opportunities for ground-breaking discoveries that would be impossible anywhere else on the planet. ![Amundsen-Scott Station](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/South-Pole-Station-2-1024x670.jpg)Amundsen-Scott Station### Science at the South Pole Research at the Amundsen-Scott includes glaciology, geophysics, meteorology, upper atmosphere physics, astronomy, astrophysics, neutrino physics, and biomedical studies. Within the identified Scientific Zone in the ASMA there are four sectors: Dark, Downwind, Clean Air, and Quiet. In the Downwind Sector, no obstructions are allowed. This provides an area suitable for balloon launches, aircraft operations (including the ski-way where our Basler flights to the pole land), and other “downwind”activities. The Clean Air Sector upwind of the ‘Downwind Sector’ ensures a pure environment for air and snow sampling to determine long-term trends. In the Dark Sector, light pollution and electromagnetic noise are minimised to assist astronomical and astrophysical research and in the Quiet Sector, equipment and activities emitting noise and vibrations are minimised to enable seismological and other vibration-sensitive scientific activities. ### IceCube Neutrino Observatory The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is one of the most ambitious and ground-breaking scientific instruments ever constructed. IceCube is a ‘gigaton neutrino detector’ buried beneath the ice. The observatory consists of 86 strings of photo-detectors, extending to a depth of around 2,500 meters. This array transforms a cubic kilometer of Antarctic ice into the world’s largest neutrino detector. According to the [IceCube website](https://icecube.wisc.edu/outreach/neutrinos/), *“Neutrinos are elementary particles that lack an electric charge and are produced when particles change identities, like during the decay of radioactive elements. From what we know today, a majority of the neutrinos zooming through space were born around 15 billion years ago, soon after the birth of the universe.”* The International IceCube Collaboration comprising more than 40 institutions around the world is responsible for the scientific program. Check out design details [here](https://icecube.wisc.edu/science/icecube/). ### IceTop: Cosmic Ray Detection at the Surface Complementing the buried IceCube array is [IceTop](https://icecube.wisc.edu/science/icetop/), a surface detector that studies cosmic rays – high-energy particles that bombard Earth from outer space. IceTop consists of 81 stations located on top of the same number of IceCube strings. The surface array serves multiple purposes: it acts as a calibration system for the buried IceCube detectors and measures the cosmic-ray arrival directions in the Southern Hemisphere as well as the flux and composition of cosmic rays. This research helps scientists understand the sources and acceleration mechanisms of these mysterious high-energy particles that have travelled vast distances in space to reach Earth. ### Atmospheric and Climate Research The South Pole Station serves as a crucial hub for atmospheric and climate science. The [NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory](https://gml.noaa.gov/) conducts research on greenhouse gas and carbon cycle feedbacks, changes in aerosols, and surface radiation, and recovery of stratospheric ozone. The station’s remote location makes it an ideal site for monitoring global atmospheric conditions without the interference of local pollution sources. These measurements are critical for understanding global climate change and form part of the baseline data used in climate models worldwide. ### Astronomy and Space Science The unique conditions at the South Pole create exceptional opportunities for astronomical observations. The extremely dry air, stable atmospheric conditions, and months of continuous darkness during the austral winter make it one of the best sites on Earth for certain types of astronomical research. The station supports various astronomical projects, including studies of cosmic microwave background radiation – the afterglow of the Big Bang – and observations of distant galaxies and other cosmic phenomena. Read more about the South Pole Telescope [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole_Telescope). ### Renewable Energy Research South Pole operations rely on thousands of gallons of diesel fuel specially formulated for extreme cold to be transported to the south pole annually. There are obvious environmental, logistical and financial benefits to using renewables to power operations. Researchers at the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Argonne National laboratory are looking at ways to shift away from diesel fuel. ### Medical Research The extreme conditions and isolation at the South Pole offer a unique opportunity to study human physiology and health in confined high-risk environments, similar to long-duration space missions. Key research areas include cold physiology, immune function, UV light effects, chronobiology and psychology. Researchers also develop and test new technologies for monitoring, diagnosing, and treating health issues, which can then be applied to both astronauts and remote communities who have limited or no access to medical facilities we take for granted in our big cities. Organizations like the [Australian Antarctic Program](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&cs=0&sca_esv=e20ef5b3db63d22c&q=Australian+Antarctic+Program&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5yZWYt8-PAxX8RWcHHQb-IFkQxccNegQICBAB&mstk=AUtExfCv1aXO_0nL6jlVjFpxSiQ2FOkumy2wKKEHRzI8oosB9UyxbNF--14DAYGxD9o_-1dlW_OjtelVKrReGHtq5-DGSUwjxbyXeRD6dsEHKqT5fgLi4VH8nSz5S-FVDSO0wV-_t4lAl063nVBJcr3UF9ARhBM4Gw16uS5GnPpzt3puqkU&csui=3) and the [European Space Agency](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&cs=0&sca_esv=e20ef5b3db63d22c&q=European+Space+Agency&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5yZWYt8-PAxX8RWcHHQb-IFkQxccNegQICBAC&mstk=AUtExfCv1aXO_0nL6jlVjFpxSiQ2FOkumy2wKKEHRzI8oosB9UyxbNF--14DAYGxD9o_-1dlW_OjtelVKrReGHtq5-DGSUwjxbyXeRD6dsEHKqT5fgLi4VH8nSz5S-FVDSO0wV-_t4lAl063nVBJcr3UF9ARhBM4Gw16uS5GnPpzt3puqkU&csui=3) conduct collaborative projects with institutions like the [Translational Research Institute for Space Health](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&cs=0&sca_esv=e20ef5b3db63d22c&q=Translational+Research+Institute+for+Space+Health&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5yZWYt8-PAxX8RWcHHQb-IFkQxccNegQICBAD&mstk=AUtExfCv1aXO_0nL6jlVjFpxSiQ2FOkumy2wKKEHRzI8oosB9UyxbNF--14DAYGxD9o_-1dlW_OjtelVKrReGHtq5-DGSUwjxbyXeRD6dsEHKqT5fgLi4VH8nSz5S-FVDSO0wV-_t4lAl063nVBJcr3UF9ARhBM4Gw16uS5GnPpzt3puqkU&csui=3) to advance human health for space exploration and remote healthcare. ### International Collaboration and Scientific Impact The research conducted at the South Pole like other areas of Antarctica often involves truly international collaboration. The IceCube project alone involves scientists from over 40 institutions, making it one of the largest collaborative efforts in physics. International cooperation is essential for tackling the complex scientific questions addressed at the station and more broadly around Antarctica where the extreme environment and significant costs make the conduct of science difficult. The impact of South Pole and Antarctic research extends far beyond individual discoveries. The technologies developed for use in Antarctica often find applications in other extreme environments, from space exploration to deep-sea research. The international cooperation required for Antarctic science also serves as a model for other scientific endeavours. ### Our Visit to the Geographic South Pole On arrival at the South Pole we were immediately struck by the different conditions on exiting the Basler. It’s cold, very cold, -37oC to be exact with a light breeze creating an apparent temperature of -50oC at a time when the sun does not set. Vapour from our breath quickly condenses into tiny ice particles that stick to our outer layers. The synthetic clothing and packs we carry feel brittle. The good news is our polar clothing is well and truly up to the task. Snuggled inside our down jackets and various thermal layers we make our way over to the Ceremonial Pole surrounded by the flags of all the original signatories to the [Antarctic Treaty](https://www.ats.aq/index_e.html). The Ceremonial Pole is comprised of a red and white striped ‘barber’ pole topped with a reflective silver globe. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/David-at-South-Pole-4-1024x712.jpg)Reflections at the Ceremonial PoleAfter pausing for photographs beside the reflective globe we take a short walk to the most southerly point on Earth. The South Geographical Pole is marked by a smaller bronze globe on a rod with a sign commemorating the deeds of Scott and Amundsen. This marker moves due to movement of ice and is moved by station staff annually to its proper position. On our visit we find 90oS to be around 5m from the marker. Once we had located the very southern point on Earth, the inner child makes a joyous appearance as we take it in turns to run rings around the Earth, crossing all the lines of longitude in a matter of seconds. ![Geographic South Pole](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Geographic-Pole-1024x683.jpg)Geographic South PoleThe magnitude of the experience only really hits me when I return to the Ultima High Altitude Camp at 83oS to refuel once again and spend the “night” to allow the fabulous Kenn Borek pilots and crew time to rest. In reality none of the passengers sleep very much, awed by the midnight sun and the incredible isolation of this tiny wilderness camp amid the endless white and featureless polar plateau. Lying in my toasty down sleeping bag inside a modern tent with a full belly I was a little surprised to find myself overcome with emotion. Antarctica is a humbling continent. It’s a place that demands respect and patience. It’s a place where cooperation has long been the only currency. Visiting the South Pole highlighted the incredible leaps and bounds humankind has made from the relatively short time Amundsen arrived at the Pole on 14 December 1911. The endeavours and collaboration evidenced by the breathtakingly ambitious scientific inquiry at the South Pole highlighted the good humankind can achieve through collaboration and intellectual curiosity and reaffirmed my long-held view that one day humanity might set aside the other six continents for peace and science. ![The Airport Hotel at 83S](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Airport-hotel-at-83S-1024x683.jpg)The Airport Hotel at 83SYou can check out a short reel produced by Islands & Ice Travel General Manager David Sinclair on his November 2024 visit to the South Pole [here](https://www.instagram.com/p/DEL9xJEzgfT/). If you are interested to travel to the South Pole, [Contact Us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) to arrange a detailed briefing with David. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Deep Field Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/deep-field-antarctica) **Published:** March 8, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Flying from Cape Town to Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica on a scouting trip to curate the ultimate Antarctic 'deep field' expedition **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Penguin-colony.jpg) ## DEEP FIELD ANTARCTICA The anticipation is palpable. We’ve been watching the weather at Novo Airstrip – a carefully prepared and manicured strip of ice suitable for landing an Ilyushin 76-TD90 with a payload of up to 60 tonnes of supplies and materials for national Antarctic programs. Our small team of seven will be joined by teams from Belgium and Japan heading to their bases in Dronning Maud Land. A five and a half hour intercontinental flight will take us all to this wedge of Antarctica named and claimed by Norway. The weather at Novo airstrip is stunning with light wind and clear skies so we are cleared to fly. ![Ilyushin 76-TD90](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/BW-1024x683.jpg)Ilyushin 76-TD90The Ilyushin is an impressive beast. It’s distinctive nose, four engines and bulky profile stand out in contrast to the row of commercial jets at Cape Town International Airport. Most of us pause for a selfie or a snap as we ascend the stairs into the bowels of the beast. Inside it is comfortable but clearly a dual-purpose aircraft on a mission. There are rows of seats for passengers and loads of cargo stowed aft. An announcement is made approximately an hour before we are due to commence our descent. It’s time to change into our polar clothing. We boarded in Cape Town in temperatures in excess of 20oC and will disembark in temperatures closer to -20oC. There is a sudden burst of activity and plenty of laughter and jokes as we wrestle to don layers of warm gear in our seats. The excitement builds as we catch glimpses of sea ice and icebergs thousands of feet below. We’re allowed into the glass dome one at a time to stare down at the icy tapestry far below. It’s a breathtaking sight seeing leads in the sea ice far below. I’m afforded the distinct privilege of being allowed to land up front seated next to the navigator. Our landing is unbelievably smooth. We step outside into an alien landscape on a beautiful crisp day ready for adventure. ![Ilyushin 76-TD90 at Novo Runway](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ilyushin-76-TD90-Novo-Airstrip-4-Nov-24-1024x683.jpg)Ilyushin 76-TD90 at Novo RunwayOur first sortie into the field is an exploratory walk around some frozen lakes and ice features in the Schirmacher Oasis. This is a 16 mile long x 3 mile wide rock plateau dotted with frozen lakes. It is wedged between the vast expanse of continental ice to the south and the Lazarev Ice Shelf to the north. The Schirmacher Oasis is home to two scientific bases, Novolazarevskaya (Russian Federation) and Maitri (India). It’s also home to the recently renovated and very comfortable Oasis Camp, our base for tourism operations. ![Oasis Camp](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/PHOTO-2024-03-27-16-57-24-1024x768.jpg)Oasis Camp![Ice features near Oasis Camp](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Oasis_-2-1024x683.jpg)Ice features near Oasis CampOur first excursion by air is to the Gruber Mountains via a stunning one hour flight to the east in the ever-reliable Twin Otter. Two of our team are very experienced alpinists and are tasked with climbing Mt Ritscher. This peak affords incredible views in all directions. While the climbers ascend the rest of the team fly to nearby Lake Untersee to visit Dale Andersen’s team and reunite a scientist with her team. Beneath the frozen lake are three billion year old stromatolites which hold clues to the origins of life on earth. The environment is also an excellent analog for Mars and the outer moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Finding life in Lake Untersee may hold clues to how to find life in similar conditions far from earth. It was fascinating to hear from Dale about his team’s research and explore the lake. The surrounding hills are home to thousands of nesting Snow Petrels, while the lake hosts huge boulders migrating slowly across the permanently frozen surface. We return in our Twin Otter to collect the skiers who have successfully summited Mt Ritscher, and ascend to enjoy the incredible scenery on the flight back to Novo airstrip. Our skilled pilots dip the wing and make loops so everyone could witness and capture the beauty below. You can read a little more about Lake Untersee [here](https://www.ysi.com/ysi-blog/water-blogged-blog/2023/05/antarctic-lake-serves-as-a-rare-modern-analog-to-ancient-ecosystems). ![Lake Untersee, Gruber Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Kelsey-Lake-Untersee-1-1024x683.jpg)Lake Untersee, Gruber Mountains![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Drygalski-Mountains-3.jpg)Million Dollar Views from the Twin OtterIn the following days we visit two Emperor Penguin colonies. The Astrid colony on the edge of the Nivl Ice Shelf and the Ragnhild colony at Crown Bay to the east. Both colonies were recently discovered through analysis of satellite images. On both occasions our expert pilots find suitable locations to land away from the colonies taking care to adhere to IAATO guidelines for approaching Emperor Penguin colonies. Prior to visiting the colonies we obtained a permit to fly a drone to capture aerial images to obtain the first accurate colony counts. This coming November we aim to return to the Astrid colony and obtain more images to enable us to compare counts between 2023 and 2024. We are hopeful that we may also be able to visit the previously unvisited Lazarev colony to obtain images for an accurate population estimate for that colony. ![Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Crown-Bay-colony-2-scaled.jpg)Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay, AntarcticaJust watching these magnificent birds on the ice is one of the greatest spectacles in nature and an absolute dream for photographers. There’s no doubt Emperor Penguin chicks in their ‘Biggles Suits’ are the most adorable animals on earth. ![Emperor Penguins, Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Ragnhild-Colony-2-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguins, Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay![Emperor Penguin Chicks, Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ragnhild-chicks-2-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin Chicks, Ragnhild Colony, Crown Bay![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Astrid-Colony-landind-1-1024x683.jpg)Twin Otter parked on the Nivl Ice ShelfOur final major objective was to scout landing and camping sites in the Fenriskjeften Mountains. These awe inspiring peaks take their names from Norse mythology. We flew late afternoon on a calm day and spent a few glorious hours basking in the incredible views and the eerie, but mesmerising, sound of silence atop the Fenristunga (Wolf’s Tongue) glacier. This sits to the west of iconic Ulvetanna and Holtanna mountains. Ulvetanna’s north face rises over 4500 feet and Holtanna’s incredible west face is a sight to behold. On the return flight our pilots weaved their magic once again, affording us incredible views of the mountains as the sun cast shadows miles across the ice. Another dream day in Antarctica. One enduring memory from this trip is the re-discovery of the romance of flight. Flying on commercial airliners has become a dreary experience. By contrast every flight in Antarctica was an extraordinary, mind-blowing, ethereal privilege. ![Aerial view of Holtanna (Hollow Tooth)](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Holtanna-aerial-1024x683.jpg)Aerial view of Holtanna (Hollow Tooth)Even on the days we didn’t fly there were so many exceptionally beautiful places to visit and explore including: an incredible neon blue ice tunnel in the Lazarev Ice Shelf; and a huge ice wall 45 minutes drive to the east of the Schirmacher Oasis. Without exception everyone was left feeling exceptionally privileged to have experienced this incredibly beautiful and remote part of Antarctica. We can’t wait to share this experience with 7 guests in November 2024. ![Ice Tunnel, Lazarev Ice Shelf, Schirmacher Oasis](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Tunnel-2.jpg)Ice Tunnel, Lazarev Ice Shelf, Schirmacher Oasis![Ice Wall, Dronning Maud Land](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Wall.jpg)Ice Wall, Dronning Maud Land![Lake Ice, Schirmacher Oasis](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Lake-Ice-Shirmacher-Oasis-3-1024x767.jpg)Lake Ice, Schirmacher Oasis ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Captivating Cape Town, South Africa](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/captivating-cape-town) **Published:** March 7, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Cape Town is a gateway city to Antarctica with fabulous scenery, wildlife, wineries, beaches , culture, history and cuisine. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Capetown-1-scaled.jpg) ## Captivating CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA ## Visiting Cape Town, South Africa Cape Town is the gateway city for our [Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) and [Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) trips and an incredible destination in it’s own right. Make sure you schedule some time pre and/or post trip to take in some of the scenery, wildlife and other highlights of this exceptionally beautiful part of the world. ![Cape Town](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Capetown-1-1024x683.jpg)Cape Town### Table Mountain A trip up Table Mountain in the cable car or by foot is an absolute must for visitors. The views are incredible and there are opportunities in October/November for photographers to capture close-ups of sunbirds feeding in flowers atop the mountain. Keep a close eye on the weather when choosing when to go. Aim to avoid high winds and low cloud which obscure the views. Keep in mind it can be crowded but the views are well worth a visit. If you hike a few hundred metres from the peak of the cable car the crowds will start to thin. ### African Penguins – Boulders Beach, Simon’s Town Boulders Beach is home to nesting African Penguins and some rather tame Dassies (small herbivorous mammals also called hyraxes). Boulder’s Beach is a popular spot to see the threatened African Penguin. Photographers may be underwhelmed as it can be difficult to capture the penguins in the right light from a crowded boardwalk. Worth exploring are the nearby bays and beaches. Within walking distance of the entrance to Boulders Beach are some uncrowded scenic beaches – perfect for a swim and you may just see a penguin away from the crowds. ![African Penguin, Boulders Beach](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/African-Penguin-2-1024x683.jpg)African Penguin, Boulders Beach### Cape of Good Hope After an early morning visit to Boulders Beach it’s well worthwhile continuing south towards Cape Point. There are rugged beaches to comb, scenic spots to lunch, a variety of wildlife, and a wonderful array of flowering plants found in the Fynbos Biome known for both diversity and endemism. You may spot Bontebok and Ostrich at Olifantsbos Beach. ![Bontebok, Olifantsbos Beach](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Bonteboks-1024x683.jpg)Bontebok, Olifantsbos Beach### Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens The world renowned Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens are well worth a visit. The Fynbos section at the top of the gardens is a great spot to watch and photograph endemic Cape Sugarbirds and a few different species of Sunbirds, including the Orange-breasted Sunbird. Photographers should go early morning to get the best light. You may also spy Spotted Eagle-Owls, African Paradise-Flycatchers and Cape Cobras if you’re lucky. The gardens are a 20 minute Uber ride from downtown Cape Town. ![Cape Sugarbird, Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Kirstenbosch-2.jpg)Cape Sugarbird, Kirstenbosch Botanical GardensCloser to Down Town you can wander around the colourful houses of Bo-Kapp, explore the Victoria Waterfront (where daily ferries leave for [Robben Island](https://www.robben-island.org.za "Robben Island") – keep an eye out for the Cape Fur Seals near the pier) and grab a coffee at one of the world’s best cafes – the steampunk themed [Truth Cafe](https://truth.coffee/pages/truth-cafe). Truth has excellent coffee and breakfast options in a fantastic setting. For dinner, it’s hard to beat drinks and a meal as the sun sets over Camps Bay. ![Bo-Kaap colourful houses](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Bo-Kaap-6-2-1024x683.jpg)Bo-Kaap coloursA little further afield you can visit the world-renowned wineries of the Stellenbosch region or head to Hermanus to catch a glimpse of Southern Right Whales. These amazing creatures can often be spotted from the shore line and there are some whale watching boats that can ferry you out for a closer look. A day trip to the north of Cape Town will take you to the Wets Coast National Park where you can spot pink Flamingos and visit ![Khwa ttu](https://www.khwattu.org/heritage-centre-museum/) – a heritage centre dedicated to the San and !khwa ttu people. It’s also a fabulous spot to photograph the African Golden Weaver in the garden adjacent to the very nice restaurant and gallery. ![African Golden Weaver, !Khwa ttu heritage centre](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/African-Golden-Weaver-1024x683.jpg)African Golden Weaver, !Khwa ttu heritage centre*All images Copyright David Sinclair* ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Exploring East Greenland's largest fjord on a Micro Expedition Cruise](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploring-scoresby-sund-on-a-micro-expedition-cruise) **Published:** October 14, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Exploring Scoresby Sund, the world's largest fjord system in remote and hauntingly beautiful East Greenland at the change of seasons from Autumn to Winter **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Vikingfjord-4-scaled.jpg) ## Exploring Scoresby Sund on a Micro Expedition Cruise A few highlights from a recent trip to Scoresby Sund, east Greenland, home to towering mountains, deep fjords, giant icebergs, magnificent musk ox and the aurora borealis. All images and vide by David Sinclair. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** arctic, aurora borealis, greenland, icebergs, micro cruise, musk ox, polar travel --- ### [The Ultimate Antarctic Expedition - Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/the-ultimate-antarctic-expedition) **Published:** February 4, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** The ultimate Antarctic Expedition flying from Cape Town to Dronning Maud Land to visit two rarely visited Emperor Penguin colonies and the hauntingly beautiful Drygalski Mountains **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Emp-Chick-2.jpg) # The ultimate antarctic expedition: Emperor PENGUINs & DRYGALSKI MOUNTAINS ## The Ultimate Antarctic Expedition – Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains – Remote Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica **For details of our deep field Antarctic expeditions to Dronning Maud Land check out the** **[Tours page](https://islandsandicetravel.com/home/tours)** **on our website.** **[Contact us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact)** **to arrange a detailed briefing with expedition host David Sinclai**r. ### Flying to Antarctica from Cape Town A WhatsApp message pops up on my screen. Ultima’s in house meteorologist has given the all clear to fly. We need to be sure the ice runway is prepared and cloud cover and wind conditions are suitable to land at the 3km long ice runway. It’s time to get some shuteye before an early morning transfer to Cape Town International airport for our flight to Antarctica. At the airport excitement is palpable, the flight board shows Antarctica as a destination among a variety of cities across Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Even our boarding passes are special, festooned with Antarctic imagery, a celebration of our imminent passage into Antarctica’s icy embrace. Once through security we spy the imposing Ilyushin 76-TD90 on the tarmac. It’s a beast of a machine, easily reconfigured to fit cargo and passengers for many of the national science programs based in Dronning Maud Land and for small groups like ours. By sharing space on an aircraft already being utilised to fly national Antarctic personnel and cargo the environmental footprint of our expedition. Once on board we settle in for the five and a half hour journey from sunny Cape Town at 33 55S to the ice runway south of 70. It’s a little surreal boarding in a t-shirt in the knowledge that we’ll step onto the ice bedecked in heavy down outer garments, thermal underwear and snow boots. Around an hour and a half before we’re due to land we start seeing sea ice and icebergs. It’s a mesmerising site of another world so few see, especially on this side of the continent where visitors to “deep field” Antarctica number in the hundreds each year, contrasting with the Antarctic Peninsula where the number of visitors annually now surpasses 100,000. ![Where the sea ice meets the Nivl Ice Shelf from the nose of the Ilyushin](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IMG_9474-1-1024x768.jpg)Where the sea ice meets the Nivl Ice Shelf from the nose of the IlyushinAround an hour shy of landing and before we commence our descent we’re advised it’s time to start putting on our polar clothing. The cabin temperature is lowered and suddenly everyone is standing and struggling to put on layers of thermal underwear, fleece, down and goretex and apply sunscreen to any exposed skin. It’s a comical site but all part of the adventure. After an exceptionally smooth landing we step out into bright sunshine at Ultima Airbase. The guide team greets us and immediately spirits us away in specially fitted Arctic Trucks (modified Toyota Hilux) across the ice to the lovely Oasis Camp situated at the eastern end of the Schirmacher Oasis, a largely ice-free strip wedged between the Antarctic ice sheet and the Nivl Ice Shelf. Out beyond the ice shelf is the sea ice. It’s on this sea ice on the margins of ice shelves that the Emperor Penguins breed in the winter and raise their young. ![On arrival at Ultima Airbase](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IMG_9501-2-1-1024x768.jpg)On arrival at Ultima Airbase![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Arctic-Trucks-1024x683.jpg)Specially modified Arctic Trucks ### Luxury Oasis Camp in the Schirmacher Oasis Oasis Camp is more than an oasis, it’s a home away from home, very comfortable. An expert hospitality team take care of everything. We’re spoiled from the moment we arrive. Camp Manager Imke meets us with head guide Ethan. Our bags are taken to our rooms and we meet in the camp dining room for a briefing and welcome drinks. There are so many amazing touches from the bespoke gin and chocolates to the specially chosen wines to match the meals which are presented by sommelier Billy with humour and panache. Jess and Brian prepare exquisite meals finely balancing creativity, flavour, heart and home. ![Oasis Camp, Schirmacher Oasis](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Oasis-Camp-1024x683.jpg)Oasis Camp, Schirmacher OasisOasis Camp has a very special additional building, a traditional glued timber bathhouse, the first of its kind in Antarctica. There’s nothing quite like topping an extraordinary day in Antarctica with a sauna to soothe any aches and pains from the days’ exertions. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Oasis-Dinner-1024x683.jpg)Traditional banya viewed from the dining room at Oasis CampAfter settling in our guests head for a short walk to a fantastic viewpoint over the Nivl Ice Shelf and explore the surface of a nearby frozen lake filled with millions of air bubbles trapped in the ice and fracture lines resembling the architecture of the human nervous system. It’s a photographer’s paradise. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Jarryd-on-the-edge-of-the-world-1024x683.jpg)Ice Shelf View![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lake-Ice-2-1024x683.jpg)Lake Ice### The Ice Tunnel (Nivl Ice Shelf) On our first full day on the ground we take a short drive in the Arctic Truck across the ice to the entrance of Maitri Station (India). This is the start point for a lovely 90 minute walk across frozen lakes and boulder fields to the edge of the ice shelf where we fit spikes to our boots so we can comfortably traverse the ice. It is here that an extraordinary neon blue ice tunnel has formed. It’s unlike any ice cave or feature I’ve been in, striking neon blues from heavily compressed ice create an otherworldly experience. Being inside an ice tunnel inside an ice shelf is truly awe-inspiring. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Alex-Stead-Ice-Tunnel-1024x683.jpg)Ice Tunnel in the ice shelf adjacent to the Schirmacher Oasis![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Schirmacher-Oasis-2-1024x529.jpg)Schirmacher Oasis, ice free for 160,000 years wedged between the ice sheet and the ice shelf### Flying to the Drygalski Mountains, the Wolfs Fang (Ulvetanna) That evening we receive confirmation our first internal flight is a go. We will fly tomorrow afternoon to the Drygalski Mountains, a one hour flight to the south west. After a leisurely breakfast and some time to explore around camp and try out the fat bikes we head back up to the ice runway for our first internal flight. The twin otter is a legendary aircraft. It can take off and land in a short space and operates well in high wind and cold temperatures. We have some of the best pilots in the business at the controls. It’s great to be back on board with Kelsey who hails from Canada and absolutely raves about the twin otter. There’s no other aircraft Kelsey would rather pilot and Kelsey has the look, well-worn coveralls, big bushy beard and a knowing glint in the eye. Kelsey can’t wait to fly to the mountains too. The Drygalski Mountains are extraordinary. Our first landing site is at the north face of Ulvetanna with a sheer 1500m (over 4500 feet) rock wall. The approach is stunning. The pilots always take a good look at the landing site before touching down which makes for fantastic views and a fabulous aerial experience. We alight the aircraft in sunshine to extraordinary views of Ulvetanna and surrounding peaks and nunataks (mountain tops that emerge from the surrounding icecap). The air temperature is -21C but it feels warmer in the absence of any breeze. A pair of Snow Petrels inspect us and disappear back to their rocky nest high in the mountains. As the earth rotates and the sun dips a long shadow emerges from the base of Ulvetanna. The apparent temperature plunges in the shade of this monolith. Our heavy down jackets keep us warm as we marvel at the beauty and revel in the solitude far from the business that consumes our lives further north. This is the enduring lure of the polar regions. The vastness and the beauty have a profound impact. ![Twin Otter pilot Kelsey on the Fenristunga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Mountain-77-1024x683.jpg)Twin Otter pilot Kelsey on the FenristungaAfter a half hour we board the aircraft for a short but spectacular flight to land on Fenristunga, the “Wolf’s Tongue” Glacier which is flanked by jagged peaks to the east, west and north shaping the “Wolf’s Jaw”. Once again we marvel at the peaks, this time the west face of Ulvetnana and Kintana and we take a minute to stand in absolute silence, no camera clicks, no words, no shuffling of goretex or crunch of snow. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mountain-82-1024x683.jpg)Solitude on the FenristungaOur final flight is to the south where we set down at the base of “Holtanna” or hollow tooth. From the air it assumes the shape of a giant Codfish. From the ground it’s an immense and sheer rock wall. The landing site is exposed to the wind. This time we spend a shorter interval exploring the air before retiring to the cabin of the twin otter for a delicious cup of hot soup and some treats. Following take-off the pilots gain elevation and give both sides of the aircraft outstanding views of the Drygalski Mountains and the long shadows cast by the setting sun. The moon is near full to our north as we settle in for the return flight to Oasis Camp. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Drygalski-Mountains-3-1024x683.jpg)Drygalski Mountains from on high### The Lazarev Emperor Penguin Colony The next day is another beautiful day so we take to the air again, this time to the north east to the Lazarev Emperor Penguin colony just 10 days after the very first visit by humans to this colony. The colony was discovered from a flight in the late 1950s and lost but rediscovered again through analysis of satellite imagery. It’s a huge thrill to be among the first ever to lay eyes on this Emperor Penguin colony. The Lazarev colony, named for the ice shelf to which it is adjacent is a relatively small colony with only 1100 chicks. The penguins have chosen a fantastic site, fast ice held in place by large icebergs calved from the Lazarev Ice Shelf, protected from the vicissitudes of the wind and waves but proximate to open water for easy access to critical food sources. ![Lazarev Emperor Penguin Colony from the air](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Lazarev-North-2-1024x683.jpg)Lazarev Emperor Penguin Colony from the airThe flight into the colony is incredible. The pilots bank and circle high over the icebergs and sea ice to get a good visual of the colony and landing area. It’s imperative that we maintain height and distance from the colony on approach to avoid disturbance and accord with [IAATO](https://iaato.org)’s guidelines for visitation. Upon landing we taxi to a stop outside the minimum distance we are required to maintain from the colony and disembark for the walk across the sea ice to the colony. Truly wild animals are often curious. With no land-based predators except the Antarctic Skua, humans present as a curiosity, not a threat. Before long the nearly 40 kg adults standing up to 130cm in height are tobogganing across the pack ice to inspect us. It’s a wondrous and at times comical sight. Once they get close they use their bills to prop themselves up and waddle a little closer to inspect these strange goretex and down-clad land-lubbers. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North-6-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguins toboggan out to greet the aircraftWe slowly approach the colony maintaining a watch for any signs of avian flu. Thankfully there are no signs and our visit can proceed. The chicks are more adorable than the pictures suggest. Their behaviour is at times reminiscent of a group of toddlers, curious and energetic. The chicks are already sizeable enough to aggregate in creches away from their parents who are now free to come and go more frequently to regain the nearly 50% loss of body weight that occurs during the height of winter, particularly among the males that incubate the egg for up to 65 days without feeding. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North_-13-1024x683.jpg)Adorable Emperor Penguin chicksThe scene is straight from a Nat Geo special. Groups of arguably the most photogenic creature on earth strike poses with dramatic backdrops. It’s truly the most incredible experience being on the frozen ocean on the periphery of Antarctica observing these magnificent birds. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North_-9-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguins, Lazarev North colonyAfter three hours we pack up our gear and slowly head back to the aircraft, grateful for this experience, grateful to be among the very first humans to visit this extraordinary location. ### Flying to the Astrid Emperor Penguin Colony On return to Oasis Camp we learn the following day is set to be another bluebird day so it’s an opportunity to meet our next objective, our second Emperor Penguin colony, the Astrid colony (named for the Astrid Coast). This visit will be a little different. The colony is home to 5,600 chicks, five times the size of the Lazarev colony. Once again the flight to the colony is extraordinary. On this occasion as we bank over some huge tabular icebergs on approach we spy a group of many hundreds of Adelie Penguins huddled together, an unexpected site given the nearest rocky ground for a colony is a long way away. On this occasion the sheer mass of birds prevents us from isolating chicks with our long lenses for intimate portraits but it’s a great opportunity to get colony shots, filling the frame with thousands of Emperors and dramatic scenery. We even spy a Weddell Seal peacefully sleeping beside a crack in the ice, it’s breathing hole neatly maintained to ensure access to safe ice (away from predatory Orcas) on return from hunting. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Astrid-Emps-5-copy-1024x683.jpg)A section of the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony### Flying to Lake Untersee We have one more aerial adventure in store, the first ever tourism visit to Lake Untersee at the foot of the Gruber Mountains. Lake Untersee is a perennially frozen lake with a very special story. On the floor of the lake are microbial mats (stromatolites) dating back billions of years. The environment is an excellent analog for Enceladus, an outer moon of Saturn where a vast body of water is trapped beneath thick ice. It’s here at Lake Untersee that astrobiologist Dale Andersen and his team are studying the origins of life on earth and how we might detect life in similar environments beyond planet Earth. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lake-Untersee-3-copy-1024x683.jpg)On approach to Lake Untersee![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Lake-Untersee-1024x683.jpg)Dale Andersen explaining the scientific studies being conducted at Lake Untersee with Islands & ice Travel guestsIt’s an incredible approach to Lake Untersee. We sweep low over a glacier and land on the frozen lake, a natural amphitheatre surrounded by jagged peaks and sheer walls. We taxi right up to Dale’s camp where Dale welcomes us and entertains us with his deep knowledge and passion for his work and for this very picturesque and unique location. After a fantastic impromptu presentation from a world expert we take off for a long hike across the ice to walk among large boulders sitting atop the lake. The boulders have slowly migrated over hundreds of years across the lake, a strange and beautiful phenomenon. The site is home to some 12,000 pairs of Snow Petrels, however, on our visit we barely see a single bird as they all appear to be in their rocky crevasses incubating eggs. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lake-Untersee-7-1024x683.jpg)Boulders on ice, Lake Untersee### The Ice Wall Closer to camp we enjoy a visit to the “Ice Wall” a stunning ice feature set within a dramatic wind scoop, Antarctica’s powerful forces on display. The drive across the ice in the Arctic Trucks another interesting experience in its own right. Most visitors to Antarctica never get more than a few hundred metres inland, landing only on the shore of islands and the mainland of the Antarctic Peninsula for a few hours at a time. In reality most people experience a sum total of less than 24 hours on land on any expedition cruise to the Peninsula. On this trip we are on land the entire time with only 7 other guests and it feels like such an expansive luxury. It’s curious so few are aware of this alternative Antarctic experience. There are literally only a few hundred tourists visiting Dronning Maud Land each year. It is expensive owing to the incredible logistics and costs but it’s pretty comparable to the price, if not cheaper than some of the higher end expedition cruise operations. And, of course, there are no sea days to be endured. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice-Wall-2-1024x683.jpg)Ice WallHaving achieved all of our aerial adventures with days to spare we explore closer to home on foot and on fat bikes. We return to the ice tunnel and enjoy a walk on the ice shelf. Finally, sadly, it’s time to return to Cape Town. We make our way back to Ultima Airbase for the final time and board the Ilyushin for the return flight. We enjoy an incredible sunset on the return flight to Africa and approach Cape Town via the western shore, the lights of Cape Town sparkling below, Table Mountain an inky black landmark in the dark of night, a fabulous end to the trip of a lifetime. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Fat-Bike-3-1024x683.jpg)Fat Biking, Schirmacher OasisContact us (below) to arrange a detailed briefing for yourself and any travelling companions with expedition host David Sinclair. David has been travelling to Antarctica as a guide, photographer and expedition leader for 18 years, is an award-winning nature photographer and a passionate advocate for Antarctica. Places are limited, just 16 spots for Emperors and Mountains of Dronning Maud Land (three expeditions with 8 guests each) and 8 spots for a South Pole and Emperor Penguins expedition. Islands & Ice Travel is offering three [Emperors & Mountains of Dronning Maud Land](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) trips in 2025. The 2025 itineraries do not include a visit to Lake Untersee as Lake Untersee is likely to be designated as an [Antarctic Specially Protected Area](https://www.ats.aq/e/protected.html) (‘ASPA’) at the next Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in Milan in June/July 2025. To see the trip video from the November 2024 Emperors and Mountains of Dronning Maud Land expedition click [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Islands & Ice Travel 2025 & 2026 Destinations](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/islands-ice-travel-2025-2026-destinations) **Published:** March 9, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Islands & Ice Travel destinations for 025 and 2026, a short highlights video put together by David Sinclair, Founder and General Manager. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Emps-15.jpg) # ISLANDS AND ICE TRAVEL 2025/2026 DESTINATIONS ## ISLANDS & ICE TRAVEL DESTINATIONS CHECK OUT THIS SHORT VIDEO TO GET A SAMPLE OF WHAT’S ON OFFER IN 2025 & 2026 IN ANTARCTICA, GREENLAND AND TONGA ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [A Brief History of Antarctica from Mythology to Modern Day Science](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/a-brief-history-of-antarctic-exploration) **Published:** September 13, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A brief history of Antarctica: from first sightings through to the heroic age, establishment of the Antarctic Treaty and modern day scientific discoveries. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Inside-Shackletons-Hut-5.jpg) # A Brief History of AntarcticA from mythology to modern day science ## A Brief History of Antarctica: Mythology, Discovery, Diplomacy and Scientific Discovery Text and images by David Sinclair, Founder and General Manager, Islands & Ice Travel ### Introduction Covering approximately 14 million square kilometres and containing 90% of the world’s ice, Antarctica, the Earth’s southernmost continent remained unknown to human civilization until the early 19th century. The history of Antarctic exploration spans over two centuries, evolving from speculative searches for a mythical southern continent to sophisticated scientific research programs that continue today. This journey encompasses tales of extraordinary courage, devastating tragedy, international competition, and ultimately, unprecedented scientific cooperation. The story of Antarctic exploration unfolds in distinct phases: the initial discovery and circumnavigation, the era of commercial exploitation through sealing and whaling, the legendary “Heroic Age” of scientific and geographical exploration, the establishment of international governance through the Antarctic Treaty, and the modern era of comprehensive scientific research. ### Theoretical Foundations and Captain Cook’s Voyages Long before Antarctica was discovered, ancient geographers theorized about its existence. The concept of Terra Australis Incognita—the “Unknown Southern Land”—emerged from classical Greek geography, with scholars like Ptolemy proposing that a massive southern continent must exist to balance the known landmasses of the Northern Hemisphere. This theoretical foundation drove centuries of exploration, as navigators sought to locate and map this mysterious southern realm. Captain James Cook’s three voyages between 1768 and 1779 fundamentally transformed understanding of the Southern Ocean and set the stage for Antarctica’s eventual discovery. During his second voyage (1772-1775), Cook commanded HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure in the first circumnavigation of Antarctica, though he never sighted the continent itself. Cook’s expedition was revolutionary in its systematic approach to exploring the far southern latitudes, crossing the Antarctic Circle three times and reaching as far south as 71° 10’S early in 1774. Cook’s voyages yielded several crucial discoveries that would prove essential for future Antarctic exploration. He discovered and named South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, providing the first detailed descriptions of sub-Antarctic environments. His observations of massive icebergs and ice fields convinced him that if land existed in the far south, it would be perpetually frozen and of little practical value. Famously, Cook declared that no one would ever venture farther south than he had, stating that such lands would be “*a country doomed by Nature never once to feel the warmth of the Sun’s rays, but to lie for ever buried under everlasting snow and ice*.” Despite Cook’s pessimistic assessment, his voyages provided invaluable navigational data and demonstrated that the Southern Ocean could be traversed safely with proper preparation and skilled seamanship. His detailed charts, observations of wind patterns, and documentation of ice conditions became essential references for subsequent expeditions. Moreover, Cook’s reports of abundant seal populations in sub-Antarctic waters would soon attract commercial interests that would drive the next phase of southern exploration. The scientific methodology Cook employed—systematic observation, accurate mapping, and detailed record-keeping—established standards that would influence polar exploration for generations. His use of chronometers for accurate longitude determination and his attention to crew health through dietary improvements set precedents for managing long voyages in harsh conditions. These innovations would prove crucial as explorers pushed deeper into the dangerous waters surrounding Antarctica. ### The First Sightings: Bellingshausen and the Discovery of Antarctica The actual discovery of Antarctica occurred during a remarkable period of near-simultaneous exploration by expeditions from three different nations. Between January 27 and 30, 1820, two separate expeditions may have sighted the Antarctic continent, making the question of who first discovered Antarctica a subject of enduring historical debate. The Russian expedition led by Captain Fabian von Bellingshausen aboard the ships Vostok and Mirny holds the strongest claim to the first confirmed sighting of Antarctica. On 27 or 28 January, 1820, at 69°21’S, 2°14’W, Bellingshausen recorded seeing “an ice shore of extreme height” that extended beyond the horizon. This sighting, in what is now known as the Fimbul Ice Shelf, represents the first recorded observation of the Antarctic continent. Bellingshausen’s expedition was part of a broader Russian effort to explore the world’s oceans and establish Russia’s presence in global maritime exploration. Three days after Bellingshausen’s sighting, on January 30, 1820, Edward Bransfield of the Royal Navy, commanding HMS Williams, sighted the Trinity Peninsula, the northernmost tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Bransfield’s expedition was originally tasked with investigating the newly discovered South Shetland Islands, but strong currents carried his ship southward, leading to this historic encounter with the Antarctic mainland. The third claimant to first discovery is American sealer Nathaniel Palmer (for whom the US Palmer Station is named), who allegedly sighted Antarctica from Neptune’s Window, a distinct landmark on Deception Island that faces SE towards the Trinity Peninsula, the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. ![Palmer Station](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Palmer-Station-1-of-1-1024x685.jpg)Palmer StationBellingshausen’s expedition was particularly remarkable for its scientific rigour and comprehensive scope. Unlike many contemporary voyages focused primarily on territorial claims or commercial opportunities, the Russian expedition conducted systematic observations of oceanography, meteorology, and natural history. Bellingshausen’s team discovered and named numerous islands, including Peter I Island and Alexander Island, and completed a circumnavigation of Antarctica. The Russian expedition’s scientific contributions extended beyond geographical discovery. They collected extensive data on ice formations, ocean currents, and marine life, providing the first systematic study of Antarctic environmental conditions. Bellingshausen’s detailed logs and charts would prove invaluable to subsequent explorers, and his approach to Antarctic exploration emphasized scientific inquiry rather than purely nationalistic goals. ### The Era of Exploitation: Commercial Sealing and Whaling The discovery of Antarctica coincided with a period of intense commercial interest in marine resources, particularly seals and whales. The decades following 1820 saw a rapid expansion of sealing and whaling operations into Antarctic waters, driven by high demand for seal oil, whale oil, and other marine products in industrializing nations. This commercial phase of Antarctic history, while often destructive to wildlife populations, played a crucial role in mapping the continent’s coastline and establishing permanent human presence in the region. ![Whale Oil Storage Tanks, Whaler's Bay, Deception Island](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DWS-Deception-Is-8-1-1024x670.jpg)Whale Oil Storage Tanks, Whaler’s Bay, Deception IslandSealing operations began almost immediately after the discovery of the South Shetland Islands in 1819. American, British, and other sealers quickly established bases throughout the sub-Antarctic islands, pursuing fur seals and elephant seals with devastating efficiency. Within just a few years, some seal populations were reduced to near extinction, demonstrating both the abundance of Antarctic wildlife and the unsustainable nature of unregulated commercial exploitation. The sealing industry contributed significantly to geographical knowledge of Antarctica. Sealers, motivated by profit rather than scientific inquiry, nevertheless explored coastlines, identified landing sites, and mapped previously unknown territories. American sealers were particularly active in exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region, with many geographical features bearing names given by these early commercial explorers. ![Waterboat, Deception Island (With Neptune's Window in the background)](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Deception-Island-2-6-1-1024x680.jpg)Waterboat, Deception Island (with Neptune’s Window in the background – this viewpoint faces SE to the Trinity Peninsula)Whaling operations in Antarctic waters began somewhat later than sealing but eventually became far more significant economically and scientifically. The development of factory ships in the late 19th century revolutionized whaling by allowing processing to occur at sea, eliminating the need for shore-based stations and enabling operations in the remote waters surrounding Antarctica. Norwegian whalers, led by pioneers like Carl Larsen, established the first permanent whaling stations in the region, including the famed whaling settlement of Grytviken on South Georgia Island. ![Grytviken, South Georgia](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Grytviken-Whaling-Station-2-1024x680.jpg)Grytviken, South GeorgiaThe whaling industry’s impact on Antarctic exploration extended beyond mere commercial activity. Whaling ships served as platforms for scientific research, carrying naturalists and researchers who made important contributions to understanding Antarctic biology and oceanography. The industry also drove technological innovations in polar navigation, ice-strengthened ship design, and cold-weather operations that would benefit later scientific expeditions. Larsen’s contributions exemplify the intersection of commercial and scientific interests in Antarctic exploration. Beyond his whaling operations, Larsen conducted extensive surveys of Antarctic waters, discovered numerous previously unknown islands, and collected valuable scientific specimens. His work in the Weddell Sea region provided crucial geographical information and demonstrated the feasibility of extended operations in Antarctic waters. In December 1893 he was the first to ski in Antarctica, on what is today known as the Larsen Ice Shelf. The whaling industry also established some of the first semi-permanent settlements in Antarctica, with stations requiring year-round maintenance and periodic human presence. These stations served as bases for further exploration and provided emergency refuges for other expeditions. The infrastructure developed for whaling operations—harbours, landing sites, storage facilities—would later prove valuable for expeditions during the Heroic Age. However, the commercial exploitation of Antarctic resources also revealed the environmental vulnerability of polar ecosystems. The rapid depletion of seal populations served as an early warning about the need for conservation measures, while the massive scale of whaling operations raised concerns about the sustainability of marine resource extraction. These early conservation concerns would eventually contribute to the development of international agreements governing Antarctic activities. The sealing and whaling era established important precedents for Antarctic operations: the need for international cooperation in resource management, the value of Antarctic territories for scientific research, and the importance of environmental protection. These lessons would influence later policy decisions, including the development of the Antarctic Treaty System. ### The Heroic Age of Exploration The period from approximately 1897 to 1922, known as the “Heroic Age” of Antarctic exploration, represents the most celebrated and romanticized era in the continent’s history. This period was characterized by large-scale, nationally sponsored expeditions that combined geographical exploration, scientific research, and attempts to reach the South Pole. The Heroic Age produced legendary figures whose names remain synonymous with polar exploration: Ernest Shackleton, Robert Falcon Scott, Roald Amundsen, and Douglas Mawson. The Heroic Age began with the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899), led by Adrien de Gerlache aboard the ship Belgica. This expedition was significant as the first to overwinter in Antarctica, providing crucial insights into the challenges of surviving Antarctic conditions. The international crew included future polar legends Roald Amundsen and Frederick Cook, both of whom gained invaluable experience that would inform their later expeditions. The Belgica expedition’s enforced wintering when trapped in pack ice demonstrated both the dangers of Antarctic exploration and the possibility of human survival in extreme polar conditions. The British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott aboard the Discovery, marked the beginning of the systematic scientific exploration of Antarctica. Scott’s expedition established a base at McMurdo Sound (the ‘Discovery Hut’) and conducted extensive scientific research while attempting to reach the South Pole. Although the polar attempt fell short, reaching only 82°17’S, the expedition made significant geographical discoveries.The scientific program was comprehensive, including meteorology, geology, biology, and glaciology studies that established Antarctica as a unique laboratory for scientific research. Ernest Shackleton’s Nimrod Expedition (1907-1909) pushed even farther south, reaching 88°23’S, just 97 miles from the South Pole. Shackleton’s achievement demonstrated that the pole was attainable with proper planning and execution, setting the stage for the dramatic race that would follow. The Nimrod expedition also achieved several other significant firsts: Edgeworth David and Douglas Mawson reached the South Magnetic Pole, and the expedition conducted the first extensive exploration of the Trans-antarctic Mountains. ![Inside Shackleton's Hut](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Inside-Shackletons-Hut-5-1024x686.jpg)Inside Shackleton’s Hut at Cape Royds The race to the South Pole reached its climax during 1911-1912 with competing expeditions led by Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott. Amundsen’s Norwegian expedition, characterized by meticulous planning, expert use of dog sledges, and deep understanding of polar travel techniques learned from Arctic peoples, reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911. Scott’s British expedition, arriving at the pole on January 17, 1912, found Amundsen’s flag already planted there. The tragic fate of Scott’s polar party, who perished during their return journey, created one of exploration’s most enduring legends. The scientific contributions of Scott’s Terra Nova Expedition (1910-1913) were substantial despite the tragic loss of the polar party. The expedition’s scientific program was the most comprehensive yet undertaken in Antarctica, including pioneering work in glaciology, meteorology, and biology. The discovery of fossils proving Antarctica’s ancient tropical climate and the collection of 35 pounds of geological specimens by Scott’s polar party, even as they faced death, demonstrated the expedition’s commitment to scientific advancement. ![Scientific Instruments inside Scott's Terra Nova Hut at Cape Evans](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSA0229-4-2-1024x685.jpg)Scientific Instruments inside Scott’s Terra Nova Hut at Cape EvansDouglas Mawson’s Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) focused on scientific exploration rather than pole-seeking, conducting systematic research across previously unexplored regions of the continent. Mawson’s expedition conducted comprehensive scientific studies that greatly advanced understanding of Antarctic geology and meteorology. Mawson’s personal survival after losing two companions (Ninnes and Mertz) in crevasses became another legendary tale of human endurance in polar conditions. ![Mawson's Huts, Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay on the Adelie Coast](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSA0199-4-1-1024x685.jpg)Mawson’s Huts, Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay on the Adelie CoastErnest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914-1917), while failing to achieve its goal of crossing Antarctica, became the most famous survival story in exploration history. When the expedition ship Endurance was crushed by pack ice, Shackleton led his crew through an epic 22-month struggle for survival that culminated in one of history’s greatest rescue operations. ![Shackelton's Gravestone in the Whaler's Cemetery, Grytviken, South Georgia](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSA0438-scaled.jpg)Shackelton’s Gravestone in the Whaler’s Cemetery, Grytviken, South GeorgiaThe Heroic Age established Antarctica as a testing ground for human endurance, technological innovation, and scientific inquiry. The expeditions of this era developed techniques for polar travel, cold-weather survival, and scientific research in extreme environments that would influence polar exploration for decades. The period also established the tradition of international scientific cooperation in Antarctica, as expeditions frequently shared information and resources despite national rivalries. The scientific legacy of the Heroic Age was profound. These expeditions collected thousands of biological specimens, conducted the first systematic meteorological observations, and began the geological mapping of Antarctica. They established that Antarctica was indeed a continent rather than a collection of islands, determined its approximate size and shape, and began to understand its climate and environmental systems. The Heroic Age also created the cultural mythology surrounding Antarctic exploration. The emphasis on heroism, sacrifice, and scientific dedication established Antarctica as a place where human character was tested and refined. This romantic vision of Antarctic exploration would influence public perception of the continent and support for Antarctic research throughout the 20th century. ### Inter-war Period and Early Aviation The period between the World Wars marked a transition in Antarctic exploration, characterized by the introduction of aviation, mechanized transport, and more sophisticated scientific equipment. This era saw the first flights over Antarctica, the establishment of permanent research stations, and the beginning of systematic aerial mapping that would revolutionize understanding of the continent’s geography. Richard E. Byrd’s first Antarctic expedition (1928-1930) introduced aviation to Antarctic exploration on a large scale, following Australian explorer, Sir Hubert Wilkins pioneering flights over the Antarctic Peninsula in 1928. Byrd established Little America base on the Ross Ice Shelf and conducted the first flight over the South Pole on November 29, 1929. This achievement demonstrated aviation’s potential for Antarctic exploration and research, allowing rapid travel across vast distances that would take months to traverse on foot or by dog sledge. Byrd’s use of radio communication also established real-time contact with the outside world, transforming Antarctic expeditions from isolated ventures into globally connected operations. The introduction of mechanized transport, including tractors and motor sledges, began to replace traditional dog teams and man-hauling techniques. While early mechanical vehicles often proved unreliable in extreme cold, they represented the beginning of technological solutions to polar transport challenges. The development of cold-weather engineering became a crucial aspect of Antarctic operations, driving innovations in materials science and mechanical design. Scientific research during this period became more sophisticated and systematic. The second International Polar Year (1932-1933) involved coordinated with 44 countries participating, representing the first truly international scientific program in Antarctica. This cooperation demonstrated the value of coordinated research efforts and established precedents for the large-scale international scientific programs that would follow. Aerial photography and mapping revolutionized geographical understanding of Antarctica. Systematic aerial surveys revealed the true extent of the continent, identified major mountain ranges and glaciers, and provided the first comprehensive view of Antarctica’s structure. The inter-war period also saw increased national interest in Antarctic territories. Several nations established territorial claims, leading to competing assertions of sovereignty that would eventually require international resolution. ## World War 2 and Strategic Interests World War II significantly impacted Antarctic exploration and research, though direct military activities on the continent were limited. The war demonstrated Antarctica’s potential strategic importance while simultaneously disrupting most civilian research activities. Several nations recognized that Antarctic bases could serve important roles in global communications, weather forecasting, and potentially military operations. Germany conducted a secret expedition to Antarctica in 1938-1939, claiming territory and establishing the basis for potential future activities. While German operations in Antarctica during the war were minimal, the expedition reflected the military’s growing interest in polar regions for strategic purposes. The British conducted their own secret mission to Antarctica in World War II known as Operation Tabarin with the primary objective of establishing sovereignty over British claimed territory. The British established a number of bases on the Antarctic Peninsula including the now famous Base A at Port Lockroy Island, now a regularly visited historic site conserved by the [United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust](https://www.ukaht.org/). ![Port Lockroy (originally Base A), Goudier Island](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Lockroy-1024x623.jpg)Port Lockroy (originally Base A), Goudier IslandThe United States Operation Highjump (1946-1947), led by Admiral Richard Byrd, was the largest Antarctic expedition ever undertaken, involving 13 ships, 23 aircraft, and over 4,700 personnel. While officially described as a research and training mission, Operation Highjump served important strategic purposes, establishing American presence in Antarctica and demonstrating the capability to conduct large-scale operations in polar conditions. The operation’s extensive aerial mapping and photographic surveys provided unprecedented documentation of Antarctic geography. The post-war period saw renewed international interest in Antarctica, driven by both scientific opportunities and Cold War strategic considerations. The development of nuclear weapons and long-range delivery systems made Antarctica’s potential military significance apparent, while advances in technology made permanent research stations feasible. ### The International Geophysical Year and Scientific Cooperation The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-1958 represents a watershed moment in Antarctic history, transforming the continent from a realm of national competition into a zone of international scientific cooperation with 67 countries participating in a comprehensive, scientific program including meteorology, oceanography, glaciology, geology, biology, and upper atmosphere physics. The IGY’s emphasis on free exchange of scientific information and international cooperation created a new model for Antarctic activities. Despite Cold War tensions, American and Soviet scientists worked together in Antarctica, demonstrating that scientific cooperation could transcend political differences. This cooperation established important precedents for the Antarctic Treaty negotiations that would follow. The success of IGY scientific programs proved that Antarctica was an invaluable laboratory for understanding global environmental systems. Research conducted during the IGY established Antarctica’s central role in global climate regulation, ocean circulation, and atmospheric dynamics. ### Formation of the Antarctic Treaty System The Antarctic Treaty, signed on December 1, 1959, and entering into force on June 23, 1961, represents one of the most successful international agreements in history. The treaty emerged from recognition that Antarctica’s unique characteristics—its lack of indigenous population, harsh environment, and scientific value—required special international governance arrangements. The treaty negotiations involved the twelve nations that had been active in Antarctic research during the IGY: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The negotiations were complex, requiring resolution of competing territorial claims while establishing frameworks for future cooperation. It is the flags of these twelve nations that fly at the Ceremonial South Pole. ![Ceremonial South Pole](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Ceromonial-South-Pole-1024x356.jpg)Ceremonial South PoleThe Antarctic Treaty’s key provisions fundamentally transformed Antarctica’s legal and political status. Article I established Antarctica as a zone dedicated to peaceful purposes, prohibiting military activities except in support of scientific research. Article II promoted international scientific cooperation and free exchange of research results. Article IV created a unique solution to territorial disputes by neither recognizing nor denying existing territorial claims while prohibiting new claims. The treaty’s environmental provisions, while limited compared to later agreements, established important principles for Antarctic protection. The agreement required advance notification of expeditions and activities, promoted coordination to avoid duplication of effort, and established consultation procedures for addressing disputes. The Antarctic Treaty System has expanded significantly since 1961 through additional protocols and agreements. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1991 and known as the Madrid Protocol, designated Antarctica as a “natural reserve, devoted to peace and science.” This protocol prohibited commercial mining, established comprehensive environmental impact assessment procedures, and created detailed regulations for waste management and wildlife protection. The treaty system has proven remarkably durable and effective. Despite significant global political changes, including the end of the Cold War, the Antarctic Treaty has maintained its relevance and effectiveness. The system has successfully managed potential conflicts, promoted scientific cooperation, and protected Antarctic environments while allowing beneficial human activities to continue. The Antarctic Treaty System’s success stems from several key factors: its focus on common interests rather than competing claims, its emphasis on science as a unifying force, and its flexibility in adapting to changing circumstances through additional protocols and agreements. The system has become a model for international cooperation in other regions, including outer space. ### Modern Antarctic Science and Research Contemporary Antarctic research has evolved into a sophisticated, internationally coordinated effort involving dozens of nations and addressing some of science’s most pressing questions. Modern Antarctic science encompasses climate research, biological studies, astronomy, glaciology, and numerous other disciplines, taking advantage of Antarctica’s unique characteristics as a natural laboratory. Climate research represents perhaps the most significant area of modern Antarctic science. Ice core studies have revolutionized understanding of Earth’s climate history, providing detailed records of atmospheric composition, temperature, and precipitation patterns spanning hundreds of thousands of years. Antarctic ice cores have revealed information about past ice ages, volcanic eruptions, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations that is crucial for understanding current climate change. The discovery and monitoring of the Antarctic ozone hole represents one of modern Antarctic science’s most important contributions to global environmental understanding. Research conducted at Antarctic stations detected the seasonal depletion of stratospheric ozone above Antarctica, leading to international action through the Montreal Protocol to reduce ozone-depleting substances. This research demonstrates Antarctica’s role as an early warning system for global environmental changes. Antarctic biological research has revealed extraordinary adaptations to extreme conditions and has implications for understanding life’s limits and potential for existence in extreme environments elsewhere in the solar system. Studies of Antarctic organisms have contributed to biotechnology development, including the production of antifreeze proteins and cold-adapted enzymes. Astronomical research has found Antarctica uniquely suitable for certain types of observations. The continent’s high altitude, dry atmosphere, and months-long darkness provide exceptional conditions for infrared and submillimeter astronomy. Telescopes at the South Pole have made significant contributions to cosmic microwave background research and neutrino detection. Modern Antarctic research relies heavily on advanced technology and international cooperation. Satellite communication enables real-time data transmission and coordination between stations. Automated weather stations and remote sensing platforms extend research capabilities across the continent. International research programs coordinate activities among multiple nations, maximizing scientific return while minimizing environmental impact. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Princess-Elizabeth-Station-2-4-1-1024x683.jpg)Princess Elisabeth StationThe logistics of modern Antarctic research have evolved dramatically from the Heroic Age. Large transport aircraft enable rapid personnel and cargo movement, while ice-strengthened research vessels provide sophisticated platforms for marine research. Modern research stations incorporate renewable energy systems, waste recycling, and environmental monitoring to minimize their environmental footprint. ![Ilyushin 76-TD90 configured to fly cargo and national program personnel](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Ilyushin-76-TD90-Novo-Airstrip-4-Nov-29-1-1024x683.jpg)Ilyushin 76-TD90 configured to fly cargo and national program personnelContemporary Antarctic research increasingly focuses on understanding Antarctica’s role in global systems, particularly climate and ocean circulation. Research on ice sheet dynamics is crucial for predicting sea level rise, while studies of Antarctic ocean currents contribute to understanding global climate regulation. ### Contemporary Challenges and Future Directions Modern Antarctica faces numerous challenges that reflect broader global environmental and political issues. Climate change is affecting Antarctic ice sheets, ecosystems, and research infrastructure, while increasing human presence raises concerns about environmental impact. Climate change impacts on Antarctica are already observable and are accelerating. The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced some of the most rapid warming on Earth. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet shows signs of instability that could contribute significantly to sea level rise. Environmental protection remains a central challenge for Antarctic management. The Madrid Protocol provides comprehensive environmental protection frameworks, but implementation and enforcement across the continent’s vast expanse remains challenging. Tourism in Antarctica has grown from a few hundred visitors annually in the 1960s to over 120,000 in recent years. While tourism can promote conservation awareness and provide economic and logistical support for research activities, it also presents risks to pristine environments. Balancing tourism benefits with environmental protection requires ongoing monitoring and regulation. ![Zodiac cruising in Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Zodiac-cruising-3-1024x686.jpg)Zodiac cruising in AntarcticaFuture Antarctic research will likely focus increasingly on understanding and predicting global climate change impacts. Advanced technologies including artificial intelligence, robotics, and remote sensing will enable more comprehensive and detailed studies while reducing human environmental impact. International cooperation will become increasingly important as research questions become more complex and global in scope. ### Conclusion The history of Antarctic exploration represents one of humanity’s greatest adventures in discovery, scientific advancement, and international cooperation. From Captain Cook’s unplanned circumnavigation to the sophisticated international research programs of today, Antarctica has challenged human capabilities while revealing fundamental truths about our planet and our place within it. The evolution of Antarctic exploration reflects broader trends in human development: advancing technology, growing scientific understanding, and increasing recognition of global interconnectedness. Each phase of Antarctic history has contributed essential knowledge and experience that informs current activities and future planning. The transformation from national competition to international cooperation stands as Antarctica’s greatest achievement. The Antarctic Treaty System demonstrates that nations can set aside territorial disputes and competitive interests to achieve common goals of scientific advancement and environmental protection. This cooperation has enabled scientific discoveries that benefit all humanity while preserving one of Earth’s last pristine wilderness areas. Contemporary Antarctica faces unprecedented challenges as global climate change, increasing human presence, and resource pressures test the resilience of both natural ecosystems and governance systems. The lessons learned from over two centuries of Antarctic exploration—the importance of careful planning, international cooperation, environmental stewardship, and scientific rigor—provide essential guidance for meeting these challenges. Antarctica’s future will depend on humanity’s ability to balance scientific advancement, environmental protection, and practical needs. The continent’s role as a global climate regulator, a unique biological laboratory, and a symbol of international cooperation makes its preservation essential for future generations. The story of Antarctic exploration continues to evolve, driven by new technologies, emerging scientific questions, and changing global conditions. Future explorers and researchers will build upon the legacy of those who came before, from the early sealers who first mapped Antarctic shores to the modern scientists who monitor global climate change. Antarctica remains a frontier for human knowledge and a testament to what can be achieved through courage, curiosity, and cooperation. Check out the Tours tab on the homepage of the website for tours to Antarctica including our signature [Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) expeditions personally scouted and curated by our Founder taking in visits to two separate Emperor Penguin colonies and our and [Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) expeditions for people wishing to visit an iconic destination and an iconic species. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [Emperor Penguins Breeding Cycle, Adaptations and How to Visit](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/all-hail-the-emperor-penguin) **Published:** March 12, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Emperor Penguins breeding cycle, adaptations and when and how to visit Emperor Penguins on an expert-led small group expedition with Islands & Ice Travel **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North_-9.jpg) ## Enigmatic Emperor Penguins An encounter with an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is a career highlight for many polar tourism guides, particularly those that work on expedition vessels on the margins of the Antarctic Peninsula where Emperor Penguin sightings are rare. It’s also an absolute thrill for a keen birder, a very difficult and elusive tick! It’s the range and breeding biology of the Emperor Penguin that make it one of the more difficult penguin species to observe. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Lone-Emperor-Weddell-Sea-1024x683.jpg)A rare sighting of a lone Emperor Penguin preening on a pan of sea ice taken from the ship’s rail in the Weddell Sea.Emperor penguin colonies are distributed around the margins of Antarctic ice shelves. At last count there were 66 known colonies around Antarctica. Some of these colonies were only recently discovered, revealing themselves in satellite imagery as dark guano-stained smudges on the ice. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Astrid-Coast-colony_20231109-1024x457.jpg)The Astrid Emperor Penguin Colony shown in satellite imageryThe majority of sea ice surrounding the Antarctic continent is mobile pack ice which shifts and moves and does not provide a stable base to incubate and raise chicks. Emperor penguins are for the most part reliant on ‘fast’ ice, ice adjacent to land and ice shelves that does not typically shift and move and provides a long term stable platform for the duration of the breeding season from courtship and breeding in March/April to fledging in December/January. The mobile pack ice is still very important as it is a key foraging zone for the penguins. Loss of fast ice at a critical juncture in the cycle is a critical threat to Emperors as was so visibly demonstrated in the 2022/2023 summer [when a number of colonies experienced early sea ice breakup](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00927-x) and total breeding failure. Scientists predict higher mortality and potential extinction should warming and sea ice loss continue apace. There are a small number of colonies that have access to land, however, the vast majority do not and are extremely vulnerable to early sea ice break-up. ### EMPEROR PENGUINS BREEDING CYCLE Emperor penguin courtship begins in March or April. During this period, adult males and females gather in large colonies, often numbering in the thousands. Once mating has taken place, the female will lay a single egg, typically around May or early June. The egg is then carefully transferred to the male, who incubates it on his feet, covered by a special fold of skin known as the brood pouch. The male emperor penguin becomes a single parent during this period, as the female returns to the sea to feed, replenishing her energy for the months ahead. The incubation period lasts around 65 to 75 days, during which the male emperor penguin endures extreme cold and a lack of food. The temperature in the Antarctic winter can plummet to as low as -60°C (-76°F), with winds further reducing the effective temperature. Male Emperor penguins face the harshest conditions, standing on their feet for weeks at a time, only shifting occasionally to reposition the egg and protect it from the freezing winds. During this time, the males form tight-knit groups called “huddles” for warmth. By huddling together, the penguins reduce exposure to the elements and share body heat. The huddling behaviour is essential for survival, as it helps prevent hypothermia and allows the males to endure the long incubation period. This is known as [social thermoregulation](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347215003504). Once the egg hatches, the male continues to care for the chick by regurgitating food from his stomach. Initially, the chick is covered in a soft down, which helps protect it from the freezing temperatures. The chick will remain in the care of the male until the female returns from the sea. After the female returns to the colony, typically in July, she takes over the role of feeding and caring for the chick. By this time, the chick is often around 2 to 3 weeks old. The female, having fed on the nutrient-rich food from the ocean, regurgitates it for the chick, which rapidly gains strength. As the chick grows, it begins to develop its own layer of feathers, which will eventually replace its down. By the time the chick is around 2 months old, it can survive on its own, although it still relies on its parents for food. At this point, the chick begins to moult and grow stronger, gradually becoming more independent. The chick rearing process is one of the most critical stages in the emperor penguin life cycle. While the colony offers some degree of protection, the survival rate of chicks is heavily influenced by the availability of food and the harshness of the weather. In some years, when food sources are scarce, chick mortality can be high. By early spring (September to October), the chicks transition from being dependent on their parents to becoming more self-sufficient. They often cosy up in creches with just one or a few adults nearby. ![Emperor Penguin chicks huddling with an adult at Lazarev Colony](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Emps-15-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin chicks gathered in a creche with an adult at the Lazarev Colony on the first ever visit to this colony in November 2024.The colonies start to break up into distinct groups and spread out and the chicks grow in size before shedding their downy coats and taking to the sea. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Astrid-Emps-5-copy-1024x683.jpg)A section of the Astrid Emperor Penguin colonyAt around 4 to 5 months of age, the chicks are ready to venture out into the surrounding sea to catch squid, fish and krill. The adults dive to extreme depths in search of food (typically 100-200m with the deepest dive recorded being 565m). Adults have been known to forage as far afield as 2500 miles (4000kms) from their colonies. In late 2024 an [Emperor turned up on a beach in south west Australia.](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-08/emperor-penguin-found-in-southern-wa-in-good-health/104572694) The Emperor penguin begins breeding around 5 years of age. Many adult penguins will not breed every year, as the availability of food and environmental conditions can vary significantly. Emperor penguins are highly adaptable in terms of breeding frequency, often skipping a season if environmental conditions are not favourable. An emperor penguin’s life span can range from 15 to 20 years in the wild, though many face natural challenges that reduce their lifespan. These challenges include predation from leopard seals and killer whales. ### EMPEROR PENGUINS ADAPTATIONS Emperors have incredible insulation. Their feathers provide excellent protection against wind and cold. Emperors are the largest of the penguin species ([fossil remains of larger species have been found](https://www.sciencealert.com/new-penguin-species-is-helping-scientists-understand-why-we-don-t-have-6ft-penguins-anymore)) weighing up to 40kgs and as tall as 1.3m (over 4 feet). Their weight can as much as halve during the winter as they go for long periods without food and raise their chicks. They are excellent swimmers, literally flying underwater. Dense bones counteract buoyancy. Flipper like wings with stiffened joints allow for strong propulsion in the water. Emperors also have the ability to recycle body heat. Blood is pre-cooled on the way to the feet and pre-warmed on the way back to the heart. Their feet in constant contact with ice or freezing water contain lipids that prevent them from freezing. Strong claws allow for better grip on the ice. Adaptations that allow this extraordinary creature to not only survive the Antarctic winter but to incubate eggs and raise chicks in the most extreme temperature and wind. ### WHEN AND HOW CAN YOU VISIT AN EMPEROR PENGUIN COLONY WITH ISLANDS & ICE TRAVEL? In early October our expedition logistics partner, Ultima Antarctic Logistics readies the blue ice runway to receive intercontinental flights carrying scientists, cargo and a few intrepid tourists. The ski-equipped Twin Otter, an ideal aircraft to take off and land on the sea ice is mobilised from the Canadian high Arctic. The pilots hop their way across North, Central and South America before traversing the Drake Passage and continuing down the Antarctic Peninsula and across the Weddell Sea to Dronning Maud Land. It is the trusty twin otter that is the workhorse of the Arctic and Antarctic. It operates in cold windy conditions and can take off and land in short ungroomed spaces like snow-covered sea ice or glaciers. By the end of October the aircraft are ready and our lovely comfortable accommodation quarters at the Schirmacher oasis are ready to receive guests. Our first Emperor Penguin trip in 2025 is scheduled for 28 October – 4 November. At this time of year there is 24 hours of light but the sun does set and we witness some beautiful pastels between the hours of 10pm and 2am. The temperature can dip into the -15C to -20C range, nothing our hefty down jackets can’t handle (guests are issued with warm polar clothing in Cape Town for use during expeditions). We are running one more trip from 12-20 November when the days are a little longer and a little warmer and the chicks a little bigger but still incredibly cute with their downy ‘biggles suits’ intact. Each trip includes visits to two different Emperor colonies and the magnificent Drygalski Mountains. Check out the teaser below. We also have permission to visit a third colony in case the weather or conditions do not allow a visit to one of the other two colonies. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North-6-1024x683.jpg)Curious Emperor Penguins toboggan out to greet the twin otter with 8 guests, 2 guides, pilot and co-pilot**Are tourism activities regulated?** Activities in the Antarctic are subject to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 and associated legal instruments, referred to collectively as the [Antarctic Treaty system](https://www.ats.aq/index_e.html). These include the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS’ 1972), the [Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources](https://www.ccamlr.org) (CCAMLR’ 1980) and the Recommendations and other measures adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties under the Antarctic Treaty. In 1991, the Consultative Parties to the Antarctic Treaty adopted the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. This Protocol sets out environmental principles, procedures and obligations for the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment, and its dependent and associated ecosystems. The Consultative Parties have agreed that, pending its entry into force, as far as possible and in accordance with their legal systems, that the provisions of the Protocol should be applied as appropriate. The Environmental Protocol designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science, and applies to both governmental and non-governmental activities in the Antarctic Treaty Area. The Protocol seeks to ensure that human activities, including tourism, do not have adverse impacts on the Antarctic environment, nor on its scientific and aesthetic values. The Protocol states, as a matter of principle, that all activities are to be planned and conducted on the basis of information sufficient to evaluate their possible impact on the Antarctic environment and its associated ecosystems, and on the value of Antarctica for the conduct of scientific research. The Environmental Protocol requires that “activities shall be modified, suspended or cancelled if they result in or threaten to result in impacts upon the Antarctic environment or dependent or associated ecosystems.” Those responsible for organising and conducting tourism and non-governmental activities must comply fully with national laws and regulations which implement the Antarctic Treaty system, as well as other national laws and regulations implementing international agreements on environmental protection, pollution and safety that relate to the Antarctic Treaty Area. They should also abide by the requirements imposed on organisers and operators under the Protocol on Environmental Protection and its Annexes, in so far as they have not yet been implemented in national law. All tourism visits conducted by [International Association of Antarctic Tour Operator](https://iaato.org) (IAATO) members must also be run in strict adherence with IAATO guidelines governing all activities including biosecurity measures, wildlife viewing, waste management. There are even specific provisions for undertaking and managing visits to Emperor Penguin colonies. Our aircraft must maintain a minimum height and distance from colonies to avoid disturbance which leaves us with a beautiful walk across the sea ice to view and capture lifelong memories of these magnificent birds. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Guests-Astrid-Emps-1024x683.jpg)Guests keeping a respectful distance at the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony**3. Conservation Efforts and the Future of Emperor Penguins** Given the challenges posed by climate change, scientists and conservationists are working to better understand how emperor penguin populations are responding to these environmental shifts. This includes tracking penguin populations through satellite imagery, monitoring ice conditions, and studying the penguin’s food sources. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the emperor penguin as ‘Endangered’ upgraded from “Near Threatened,” on 9 April 2026 based on projections that its population will halve by the 2080s. Satellite images indicate a loss of around 10% of the population between 2009 and 2018 alone, equating to more than 20,000 adult penguins. As the sea ice footprint reduces and sea ice breaks up earlier, the birds’ ability to find suitable breeding sites is becoming more tenuous. Read more [here](https://iucn.org/press-release/202604/emperor-penguin-and-antarctic-fur-seal-now-endangered-due-climate-change-iucn) about the IUCN assessment. Conservation strategies are focused on reducing global carbon emissions to mitigate climate change and protect the emperor penguin’s natural habitat. In the past few seasons we have obtained a permit to obtain aerial images to share with Emperor penguin scientists to assist with colony size estimates at each of the Astrid, Lazarev and Ragnhild colonies. The drone permit specifies maintaining a height of at least 80m over the colony and employing a full time spotter to observe for any signs of disturbance. **Photography Tips at Emperor colonies** With the ever present threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) we are very careful to biosecure gear and footwear prior to any visit (this includes tripods and monopods and anything that may come into contact with the ground). We undertake the biosecurity protocol in Cape Town before flying to Antarctica and repeat decontamination procedures before we board the twin otter to fly to a colony and again before we board the aircraft to return to the airbase and once again on disembarkation from the aircraft at the airbase. Most experienced wildlife photographers know that getting down to animal eye-level is critical to get engaging images. With the threat of H5N1 we are strictly prohibited from sitting, kneeling or lying down near wildlife (this applies to all tourism visits to Antarctica whether by sea or by air) and we must maintain a minimum distance of 5m from the Emperors. It is best to avoid carrying too much gear or a heavy camera bag into a colony as we cannot place bags on the ground. We recommend use of a camera harness that can be fitted at the aircraft before walking into a colony and to buddy up to keep an eye on penguins around you (to ensure we or they do not encroach) and to assist each other to change lenses etc. Two camera bodies can be mounted on a harness (e.g. [Blackrapid camera harness](https://www.blackrapid.com/all/camerastraps/)) with two lenses and you can have hands free to use a phone or binoculars and carry a tripod. harnesses also take the strain off arms and neck. To get the lower shots you can compose and shoot using the tilt screen on the back of most high end cameras so you don’t need to sit or lie down to compose your images through the viewfinder. To capture sharp images of a creche of penguins you’ll need to stop down (f11 to as narrow as f16) if you’re 5-10m away at 250-400mm. You may need to raise your ISO to get the desired depth of field and shutter speed. A tripod can be handy to keep ISO and shutter speeds down and for shooting video (tripods can be placed on the ground provided they are bio-secured before and after a visit to a colony). Cloudy days and moody weather are best. You may need to over-expose up to 2 stops to bring out detail in the penguins and avoid that grey look that is inevitable if you do not dial in some over-exposure on white subjects. Bright sunny days can prove a little difficult with the dynamic range between black and white too much. It’s easy to blow out detail on the chest of an adult. The chicks are a little greyer and do not present quite the same issue in bright sunshine. To isolate a parent or parents and chick it’s a good idea to survey the colony and identify where there are some stragglers on the periphery, always taking care to move slowly and not encroach. Always keep in mind how you may wish to crop images in editing. The background is just as important as the subject. Take care to avoid distractions (photo-bombing penguins) in the background or distracting ice features. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North_-13-1024x683.jpg)Adorable Emperor Penguin chicks with a clean background. Image taken at eye level or lower using the flip screen to avoid kneeling down for the shot.Take some video (preferably shot from a tripod with a larger camera or handheld with a smart phone). The video captures the full experience with the sounds of the chicks and adults forming a magical soundtrack. Just ask your companions for some quiet time while you’re filming. Ensure batteries are fully charged and you have spare memory cards (it’s easy to fill them with these beautiful animals). The temperature at the colonies in November is not too extreme so battery life does not drain too quickly. At there South Pole at nearly 3000m above sea level and -30 to -50C in late November battery life is severely limited. Above all, take time to contemplate exactly where you are, on the frozen ocean on the edge of an Antarctic ice shelf a long way from civilisation standing among regal Emperor Penguins that have emerged from their winter breeding cycle. A profoundly moving experience which very few will ever experience. To inquire about our Emperor Penguin trips [Contact Us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact). We are more than happy to arrange a detailed briefing for anyone seriously contemplating this extraordinary once in a lifetime experience. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Astrid-Emperor-Penguin-Colony-15-1024x683.jpg)Your host, David Sinclair at the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony. David is a veteran polar guide, nature photographer and General Manager of Islands & Ice Travel. David was among the first groups to visit each of the Astrid colony (November 2023) and the Lazarev colony (November 2024). David will be accompanied by Emeritus Professor, avian expert, Dr Peter Ryan. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [A Postcard From SCAR2026 in Oslo, Norway](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/a-postcard-from-scar2026-in-oslo) **Published:** September 7, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** David Sinclair writes from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Open Science Conference held in Oslo, Norway in August 2026 **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_9970-scaled.jpg) ## A Postcard From SCAR2026 in Oslo, Norway ## The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Open Science Conference in Oslo *Islands & Ice Travel’s Founder and General Manager David Sinclair writes from Oslo (August 2026). Islands & Ice Travel offers small group expeditions in Antarctica and supports scientific research in Antarctica. David travelled to Oslo to learn more about scientific cooperation in Antarctica, how Islands & Ice Travel might better support science in Antarctica and to enjoy some of the wonderful history and culture on offer in Norway’s capital. Image above: Statue of Queen Maud, The Royal Palace, Oslo.* *David writes:* Last month I travelled to Oslo to attend the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (‘SCAR’) Open Science Conference. According to the SCAR website, *“[The SCAR Open Science Conference](https://scar2026.org/about-scar-2026), organised by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), is held every two years and brings together polar researchers in all disciplines from around the world to present their work, network, and participate in SCAR’s scientific activities. The conference is a key platform for sharing the latest research findings, fostering collaborations, and addressing the critical challenges facing this southernmost region of the world.”* SCAR2026 saw over 1400 attendees from over 50 countries come together to discuss all manner of Antarctic and Southern Ocean subjects from oceanography and cryosphere dynamics to ecological studies and polar governance. ![Panel discussion at Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Open Science Conference in Oslo, August 2026 showing 'SCAR Open Science Conference 2026 audience in foreground](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_0092-1024x677.jpg)SCAR Open Science Conference session, Oslo, August 2026The 2026 Conference was also an important opportunity to prepare for [Antarctica-InSync](https://www.antarctica-insync.org/) and plan for IPY5. Antarctica-InSync: “*is a global effort to synchronise research across Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, connecting ice, ocean, climate, and life to protect this vital region*. *Antarctica InSync coordinates international, high-resolution, synchronised observations to quantify and analyse rapid environmental and ecosystem change around and across Antarctica. By integrating harmonised data across the coupled ice–ocean–atmosphere–ecosystem system, it improves process understanding of how Antarctic components respond to climate forcing and strengthens projections of their influence on global climate, sea-level rise, and biodiversity. This enhanced predictive capacity supports evidence-based risk assessment and adaptation planning.”* [IPY5](https://ipy5.info/) is the fifth International Polar Year. As the name suggests it follows on from 4 previous International Polar years that date back to the first IPY in 1882-1883. Other IPYs occurred in 1932-1933, 1957-1958 (the International Geophysical Year) and 2007-2008. An international polar year occurs across two calendar years as Antarctic science is for the most part conducted in the austral summer. The IPY website describes why another IPY is needed and what IPY5 aims to achieve. A few personal observations from the Conference: 1\. Scientists are carrying a heavy load. Imagine you’ve spent your career collecting and interpreting data and the science is clear, human activity is placing extraordinary pressure on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and causing extraordinary change that will have lasting consequences for humans and countless other species. The burden is falling upon scientists to not just research but also educate and advocate. Yet, the data and findings are ignored by many and in some countries scientists are being underfunded, defunded or fired. This is a heavy load to bear for Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists who are motivated by a desire to understand, preserve and protect the ecosystems we all rely on to thrive and survive. It appears few understand how precarious life on Earth is. Our planet is a life-raft protected by the thinnest of atmospheres adrift in an infinite lifeless void, a perspective common to astronauts circling the globe at 28,500km/h (the [overview effect](https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/the-overview-effect-astronaut-perspectives-from-25-years-in-low-earth-orbit/)). We should all celebrate and support our scientists and educate and advocate for the outcomes we need to protect the only human life-raft in the known universe. **BUT** 2\. There is room for optimism. (a) Over 1400 people from 50 countries actively collaborating to solve issues that are not constrained by borders. In today’s world where politicians and algorithms stoke controversy and fear, that’s cause for celebration. It’s easy to lose sight of the fact that people all around the world collaborate every day to solve problems and build a better world. (b) There are so many bright early career scientists finding cheaper and better ways to collect and study data and decipher the secrets Antarctica and the Southern Ocean hold in the ice, oceans and sediment, secrets that will help us chart a smoother course for our life-raft. **YET** 3\. The elephant in the room was the proverbial geopolitical beast, not something I need or wish to elaborate on, suffice to say it is worth remembering the Antarctic Treaty was forged during the height of the cold war. **AND** 4\. There is room for non-government organisations to help fund and facilitate science. It is clear that there are funding and capacity constraints and a lack of political will in some treaty signatories to fully fund critical research at a time when defence and cost of living pressures abound. Civil society must help fill the gaps to support critical Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. Civil society must support education and fact-based decision making. ### Oslo a Fabulous City for Art, Culture and Polar History The conference was fabulous and so was Norway’s beautiful capital city established in 1040 (known as Ánslow). The city acquired its current name in 1925 (previously Kristiania). I arrived in Oslo on a beautiful calm sunny Saturday morning after a long haul journey from Hobart via Melbourne and Bangkok. Jet lag has its upsides. For me this meant waking very early in the morning and taking to Oslo’s vacant streets. In August the days are still long and the gardens verdant. I was able to use this time to explore the city on foot. [Vigeland Park](https://vigeland.museum.no/en/vigelandpark) is serene at dawn before the crowds arrive. Vigeland’s mastery of stone and sculpture in the human form is extraordinary and an absolute must see. The most famous sculpture in the park is *Sinnataggen*, the Angry Boy. It’s so popular the boy’s lefthand fist is polished from tourists holding his hand for a photo, a blemish that distinguishes it from all but one other of the 200 sculptures in the park. Vigeland’s sculptures capture an array of human emotion and idiosyncratic behaviour, all elegantly set among a beautiful park, itself a monument to the need for shared green space in our cities. ![Bronze statue of a angry baby with fists on hips, standing on a pedestal by a pond in Vigeland Park](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_0281-768x1024.jpg)The Angry Boy, Vigeland ParkThe [National Museum of Norway](https://www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/?utm_term=national%20gallery%20oslo&utm_campaign=WD_GOOG_RSA&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&utm_id=24030794308&hsa_acc=4778626425&hsa_cam=24030794308&hsa_grp=198228143013&hsa_ad=816712197101&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-389303263345&hsa_kw=national%20gallery%20oslo&hsa_mt=p&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=24030794308&gbraid=0AAAAADu_5zbmVsixdxuPywl0YosGSZoUe&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI7pWL4anblgMVgiWDAx2-XBSWEAAYASAAEgJ6hfD_BwE) is another masterpiece, both in design and its collection of interesting and eclectic art. Arguably the most famous work, Edvard Munch’s decidedly dark, *The Scream* sits among many masterpieces. Some of the landscape paintings from lesser known Norwegian artists are masterful and emblematic of an extraordinary beautiful country. The museum sits beside the Nobel Museum and across from the Oslo city hall which stands out for its brutalist architecture and wonderful murals adorning the interior walls within which Nobel laureates receive their medals. ![Abstract painting by Edvard Munch with wavy red, orange, and blue bands suggesting a sunset over water, a pale sun near the bottom center, and dark vertical foreground shapes.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_0649-800x1024.jpg)The Scream by Edvard Munch hanging in the National Museum of Norway### Oslo, Polar Gateway City Norway is one of the 12 original signatories to the [Antarctic Treaty](https://www.ats.aq/e/antarctictreaty.html) and one of only 7 countries to lay claim to a slice of Antarctic pie, Dronning Maud Land where Islands & Ice Travel runs its deep field Antarctic tourism and science expeditions. Norway is, of course, also an Arctic nation laying claim not only to a long coast line above the Arctic Circle in mainland Norway but to the Svalbard Archipelago, the subject of [another international treaty](https://svalbardmuseum.no/en/the-svalbard-treaty). The [Norwegian Polar Institute](https://npolar.no/en/) punches well above its weight in polar science arguably making Norway a polar country and Oslo a polar (as opposed to Arctic) gateway city. Norway has a storied history, laying claim to arguably the greatest polar explorer of the heroic age, Roald Amundsen and many other exceptional explorers including Nobel prize winner, scientist and humanitarian, Fridtjof Nansen. ![A large ship suspended from the ceiling of a museum, blue lighting, with visitors walking on a mezzanine around it](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_0451-1024x709.jpg)The Fram at the Fram Museum BygdøyAny visitor to Oslo with a passing interest in polar exploration must visit the extraordinary Fram Museum documenting the exploits of polar explorers past. [Amundsen’s home](https://amundsen.mia.no/en/) a pleasant 45 minute drive south of the capital is also well worth a visit. Even for an avid reader of the exploits of Roald Amundsen his home and the artefacts in his home afford insights into a man cast rather simply as a hero by older generations and as a rather [humourless and unsympathetic character](https://wildbounds.com/blogs/culture-and-pioneers/roald-amundsen-revisited) by younger generations. ![Vintage interior with a long wooden desk, framed portraits on patterned walls, and a stuffed Adelie Penguin on a rock pedestal in the foreground; a large framed Norwegian flag hangs on the wall to the right.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/IMG_0571-1024x701.jpg)Roald Amundsen’s office at his home, Uranienborg, SvarstskogIn summary, Oslo felt like an appropriate place for an Antarctic science conference, a city and a society that values history, artistic expression, human endeavour, science and democracy. If you wish to visit the Geographic South Pole check out our [South Pole & Emperors tour](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins). If you are a scientist or science administrator looking for support for a marine or terrestrial science campaign in Antarctica contact us for a confidential discussion. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** Antarctic science, antarctica, IPY5, Oslo, Roald Amundsen, SCAR Conference --- ### [What's the Best Time to Visit Emperor Penguins in Antarctica?](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/whats-the-best-time-to-see-emperor-penguins-in-antarctica) **Published:** September 16, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** When is the best time to see and photograph Emperor Penguins in Antarctica? Join a small group expert-led Islands & Ice Travel Emperor Penguins tour. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Emps-15.jpg) ## What’s the Best Time to Visit Emperor Penguins in Antarctica? By David Sinclair | Visiting Antarctica Since 2007 | Curated and hosted our unique world first [Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) expedition visiting two recently discovered Emperor Penguin colonies in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. I’ve been leading expeditions in Antarctica since 2007, first as a guide and expedition leader on vessels visiting the Antarctic Peninsula, and more recently as the founder of **Islands & Ice Travel**, running intimate fly-in expeditions to Emperor Penguin colonies in Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land). I was on the first ever visit to both the Astrid and Lazarev colonies, a true privilege and a highlight of my polar career. I’ve been determined to honour the privilege by doing what I can on visits to Antarctica to support science and conservation efforts, including conducting aerial surveys (with a permit) of these two remote colonies to obtain a better understanding of the number of breeding pairs and hopefully a longer term record of breeding success. It’s rare to encounter an Emperor Penguin on an Antarctic voyage unless you are on a helicopter-equipped expedition ship bound for Snow Hill Island in October/November or you venture deep into the Weddell Sea or Ross Sea January through March when you’re likely to encounter a few birds here and there on sea ice or a solitary bird moulting on shore. In nearly two decades visiting Antarctica by sea I’ve only encountered a few solitary Emperor Penguins. This makes deep field Emperor Penguin trips so special, almost guaranteeing a grand and intimate small group Emperor Penguin experience. ![The ski-equipped twin otter parked on an iceberg near the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Astrid-Colony-landind-1-1024x683.jpg)The ski-equipped twin otter parked on an iceberg near the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony.## The Emperor Penguin Breeding Calendar Understanding when to go requires understanding the full arc of the Emperor Penguin year. Unlike most birds, Emperors breed through the Antarctic winter. The most dramatic phases of their lifecycle play out during the months of total darkness and extreme cold when tourism access is impossible. By the time logistics networks reactivate and ice runways become operational, the chicks are already venturing away from their parents. For more detail on the Emperor Penguin lifecycle click on this link to [another post in the Explorer Journal](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/all-hail-the-emperor-penguin). **Late April – June Winter Breeding — No Access** Once sea ice has formed and created a stable platform the birds congregate and breed. Males huddle together incubating the eggs on their feet under their brood patch through the polar night in temperatures as low as −60°C. Total darkness. No human access possible. **July – September – Hatching & Early Chick Rearing** Chicks begin hatching. Still tiny and dependent. Access remains impossible for this period, nor would access be appropriate for anyone but scientists as the chicks are small and vulnerable. Disturbance ought to be minimised. **Late Oct – Early Nov Season Opens — Logistics window opens** The blue ice runway has been prepared for the first intercontinental flight of the season and the Kenn Borek twin otters have mobilised from Canada. Chicks are considerably larger, curious and forming creches (groups of chicks often with one or a few adult ‘babysitters’ in attendance). **Early – Mid Nov Peak Window — The Sweet Spot OPTIMAL** Chicks are large enough to avoid skua predation. Parents travel back and forth between the colony and ocean to feed and to bring food for their chick. 24-hour daylight. Temperatures are quite pleasant, typically -5°C to −10°C. Sea ice is intact and spectacular with large icebergs frozen in serving as a magnificent backdrop for keen photographers. ![Emperor Penguin chicks at the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Emp-chicks-copy-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin chicks, endlessly curious and entertaining**Early Dec — Chicks start to moult and sea ice shows signs of decaying and breaking up** Chicks approach adult size and begin moulting. The colony spreads out and thins. Sea ice starts to break up. A few Weddell Seals might emerge from cracks in the ice. Many adults leave. **Jan – Feb Colony Largely Dispersed** Fledglings head to sea. Colony largely abandoned. Some operators still run visits in January, but the experience is a shadow of the November peak, especially for photographers. ## What You Will Experience at an Emperor Penguin Colony in November A visit to an Emperor Penguin colony is almost overwhelming in its sensory richness. The chicks in November are visually stunning. Still wrapped in their dense grey-brown down, what we affectionately call their “biggles suits”. They are large enough to venture away from their parents and explore their surroundings but still wholly dependent on their parents for survival and not yet ready for life at sea. Meanwhile the adults, standing nearly 4 feet high, regal in their black-and-white plumage with their vivid saffron-yellow ear patches move through the colony with an unhurried authority. They are stunning, inquisitive, and genuinely large. Then, there is the sound. The colony is never quiet. The calls of thousands of adults and chicks create a constant, layered acoustic texture, parents and chicks finding each other by voice alone. Set against the white silence of the surrounding sea ice and the monumental geometry of tabular icebergs, it is an experience that will remain with you for life. ![Emperor Penguin chicks huddling with an adult at Lazarev Colony](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Emps-15-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin chicks huddling with an adult at the Lazarev Emperor Penguin Colony.## How You Get to the Emperor Penguins with Islands & Ice Travel Guests fly from Cape Town, South Africa, a 5.5 to 6 hour flight to Antarctica, landing on a compacted blue ice runway. From there, a 25-minute transfer by Arctic Truck (specially equipped four-wheel-drive vehicles) reaches Oasis Camp, our base for the duration of the expedition. It’s a genuinely extraordinary juxtaposition, sommelier-served wines pared with chef-prepared meals in one of the most remote places on Earth. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Oasis-Dinner-1-1024x683.jpg)Meal time at Oasis CampFrom the camp, guests board a twin otter aircraft for a 40 to 50 minute flight directly to either the Astrid or Lazarev colony, approaching at or above the minimum required distance under IAATO guidelines. The Islands & Ice Travel expedition is the **only tour that visits two different Emperor Penguin colonies** in a single trip, each offering a different scale, backdrop, and photographic perspective. Maximum group size: **8 guests and 2 guides**. ## In Their Own Words “*The visits to the Emperors has to be, perhaps along with gorillas in Rwanda, the most amazing experience of my life. NOTHING can prepare you for the experiences you will have and how amazing it will be. EVERYTHING about the trip exceeded my very high expectations.* *What David is offering is on a totally different level entirely. There is a much greater sense of adventure — the fact that it involves flying only and no ship makes it a very different experience.*“ Robert – Australia “*I walked on the ice shelf. I flew over mountains so extraordinary I can hardly believe they’re real. I saw thousands and thousands of Emperor penguins, and followed their tracks to the edge of the sea ice. All this, and at the end of the day a cocktail, a chef-prepared meal, and a cosy bed.*“ Janet – USA ## Are There any Special Skills or Experience Needed to Join an Emperor Penguin Tour? Our Emperor Penguin expeditions require no special skills, fitness, or cold-weather experience. We only ever fly in good weather. In Queen Maud Land, we encounter far fewer storm days than on the Antarctic Peninsula. Ambient temperatures in November out on the sea ice typically range between −5°C and −10°C, bracing, but not extreme. The walk on sea ice to the colony covers one to one and a half kilometres at a gentle pace. We are careful on approach not to disturb the colony and to park at least the minimum regulated distance from the colony. The surface can be flat or uneven. Micro spikes are available if needed. We also supply warm outer clothing for those who need it. We also loan warm layers and boots for the duration of the trip to save you from lugging this gear around the world, especially if you wish to spend time in Africa before or after your visit when you will not need these layers. This experience is perfect for anyone who reveres and respects wildlife and nature; for serious wildlife photographers. ## A Note on Emperor Penguin Conservation & Responsible Visitation to Emperor Penguin Colonies Emperor Penguins conservation status was recently uplifted from ‘Near Threatened’ to ‘Endangered’ by the IUCN. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) continues to consider whether Emperor Penguins should attract specially protected status. Islands & Ice Travel operates under strict biosecurity and disturbance protocols, both before arriving in Antarctica and before and after each colony visit. We have proactively connected with Emperor Penguin scientists to explore what observations can be meaningfully made at these rarely visited colonies. The aerial drone surveys David conducted under permit at Astrid and Lazarev are the subject of a peer-reviewed paper currently under review. At the colonies, we approach slowly, hold minimum distances, backing away, even as penguins approach, and keep noise to a minimum. The penguins’ curiosity is theirs to express, not ours to provoke. In the past you may have seen wide angle shots of penguins pecking lenses and checking out tripods. All gear must also be moved to maintain minimum distance. We do not promote “last chance to see” or “bucket list” tourism. That narrative can drive a kind of anxious, extractive tourism that is at odds with the values these extraordinary creatures and this extraordinary place deserves. We take a maximum of 16 people each year (with a 1:4 guide:guest ratio) and utilise existing Antarctic logistics networks that support national Antarctic science programs to minimise our footprint. ## Ready to Plan Your Emperor Penguin Expedition Islands & Ice Travel runs just two departures per season, with a maximum of 8 guests each. We take bookings up to two to three years in advance — exact dates and pricing are confirmed around 12 months prior to departure. We can also plan a bespoke itinerary to the region. Please allow at least 12-18 months lead time to do so. We can support film crews, scientific expeditions, team building and other private expeditions to the region. For a beautiful visual account of what these visits look and feel like, Janine Kreyer and Guts Swanepoel travelled with Islands & Ice Travel in 2025 and produced this remarkable film. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal --- ### [The 2024 Australian Antarctic Festival in Hobart, Tasmania](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/australian-antarctic-festival-2024) **Published:** July 29, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** The 2024 Australian Antarctic Festival saw lovers of all things Antarctic come together to celebrate arts, culture and science in Hobart **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Mawsons-Hut.jpg) # Australian Antarctic Festival 2024 ## Australian Antarctic Festival 2024 Islands & Ice Travel is proud to be sponsoring the Australian Antarctic Festival, celebrating the role of Islands & Ice Travel’s home town, Hobart, Tasmania as an Antarctic gateway city. From 22-25 August 2024, Hobart, will play host to the Australian Antarctic Festival, a vibrant celebration that underscores the pivotal role of Hobart as a gateway to Antarctica. This biennial event not only honours Australia’s deep-rooted connections with Antarctica but also highlights Hobart’s unique position as a hub for Antarctic exploration and research. Hobart’s geographical location at the southern tip of Australia makes it an ideal gateway to Antarctica. Positioned just 2,500 kilometres from the frozen continent, it stands as the closest major Australian city to the icy shores of Antarctica. This proximity has historically positioned Hobart as the base for numerous Antarctic expeditions, serving as a critical logistical and research hub. The city’s connection to the Antarctic is deeply embedded in its history and infrastructure. Hobart has played host to famous Antarctic explorers including Australia’s own Sir Douglas Mawson and the famed Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen whose ship the Fram arrived in the Derwent in March 1912 following the famous race to the South Pole with Captain Robert Falcon Scott. The establishment of the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) in Hobart in 1954 cemented Hobart’s role as a centre for Antarctic research and operations. The Australian Antarctic Festival, held every two years, offers a diverse range of activities, from educational workshops and public lectures to art exhibitions and interactive displays. One of the highlights of the festival is the opportunity for the public to engage directly with the latest Antarctic research through presentations by leading scientists. For families and visitors, interactive exhibits and hands-on activities provide a chance to get a feel for Antarctic life firsthand. The sled dogs are always a favourite with the kids as are the penguin rookeries, thousands of Adelie penguin cut-outs hand-painted by school children from all over Australia and other Antarctica gateway cities. If you’re in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide or Brisbane and you’re looking for a long weekend away, you could do a lot worse than visiting Hobart to enjoy the festivities on Hobart’s historical waterfront and enjoy some fabulous restaurants, local whiskeys and cool climate wines. Click here to check out what’s on at the [Australian Antarctic Festival 2024 Program](https://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/antarctic-festival/). If you’re interested in travelling to Antarctic with Islands & Ice Travel sign up to our newsletter to get the latest or email us at to hear more about our [deep field trips out of Cape Town](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land), another extraordinary beautiful gateway city and our plans to return to the Antarctic Peninsula following our sold out voyage earlier this year (check out some highlights [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/amazing-antarctica)). ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dawn-Consitution-Dock-Hobart-©-David-Sinclair-2021-1024x683.jpg) Image: Pre-dawn light over Constitution Dock, Hobart by David Sinclair. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. **Categories:** Explorer Journal **Tags:** antarctica, hobart, tasmania --- ## Pages ### [Home](https://islandsandicetravel.com/) **Published:** July 13, 2021 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** Expert-led small group expeditions to Antarctica, the Arctic and remote wilderness areas. Nature is the Destination. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Antarctic-Twilight.jpg) # Small group expeditions to antarctica, the arctic and other remote destinations . We specialise in expert-led small group expeditions to Antarctica, the Arctic and remote wilderness areas. With more than 65 trips to Antarctica and the Arctic as a guide, naturalist, photographer and expedition leader and decades of travel spanning the globe, our Founder, David Sinclair has an experienced eye for curating genuinely rare itineraries and authentic experiences including a world-first expedition visiting the Astrid and Lazarev Emperor Penguin colonies and the Drygalski Mountains. Antarctica / Arctic / Scientific Support / Documentary Film Making / Private Expeditions ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Zodiac-cruising-David-Sinclair.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Tongan-Island-2.jpg) ## Scroll down to view ‘Icy’ ‘Island’ and Bespoke Expedition Support ## **Icy Adventures** ### Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains, Antarctica A world-first expedition visiting two Emperor Penguin colonies and the extraordinary Drygalski Mountains departing Cape Town with a maximum of just 8 guests. We fly from Cape Town to a blue ice runway, the gateway to an Antarctica very few experience. Three extraordinary excursions to remote locations visited by only a few dozen people in history paired with exceptional hospitality and comfort. See a trip video from one of our Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains expeditions [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land "here"). Maximum of 8 guests (2 places remaining 25 October -1 November 2026) US$61,000 per person Book now for 2027 & 2028 [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lazarev-North-Emperors-for-web.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Vikingfjord-4-scaled.jpg) ### Scoresby Sund Explorer – Expedition Micro Cruise in East Greenland Late September marks a unique time in Scoresby Sund, the world’s largest fjord system situated in East Greenland. The summer-to-autumn transition paints the scenery with soothing fall colors, while the tundra turns and the air grows crisper with the change of seasons. Around the equinox the midnight sun gives way to dark skies affording opportunities to witness and photograph the ethereal aurora borealis as it streaks over Scoresby Sund. Musk Ox are frequently sighted on these small group, expert-led expeditions. 26 September – 4 October 2027 From €16,500 per person (twinshare) 12 Guests Maximum [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/scoresby-sund-explorer) ### Shackleton’s Antarctica A genuine remote expedition itinerary where no other vessels venture deep into the Weddell Sea. Twenty-eight days on board the helicopter equipped ice-strengthened *Ortelius*, tracing one of the most storied routes in the history of exploration from the mountain-fringed waterways of Ushuaia, across the Scotia Sea to the Serengeti of the South, South Georgia, the final resting place of Sir Ernest Shackleton, through the South Sandwich Islands and deep into the Weddell Sea before returning north via Elephant Island to complete this historic voyage. 7 February – 6 March 2027 From US$27,550 per person (twinshare) [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/shackletons-antarctica-south-georgia-south-sandwich-islands-weddell-sea-and-elephant-island) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Zodiac-cruising-3-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/FLorian-Ledoux-2-scaled.jpg) ### Svalbard Spring on board Captain Arctic Experience the transition between polar night and midnight sun. Svalbard emerges from the icy embrace of winter at this time of year. We will spend time on the west coast of the Svalbard Archipelago enjoying time in the pack ice and the spectacular pink, blue and golden hues that cannot be experienced in the summer months when the sun never sets. With just 36 guests, embark on an expedition that combines cutting edge environmental practices with luxury touches aboard the brand new and quiet expedition vessel, Captain Arctic. Adjacent image by Florian Ledoux 26 March – 3 April 2027 – 3 cabins remaining From €11,840 per person [MORE DETAILS](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/springtime-in-svalbard) ### South Pole & Emperor Penguins, Antarctica Combine a flight to the Geographic South Pole with an Emperor Penguin encounter on the sea ice — one of the most exclusive Antarctica adventures available, departing Cape Town for Dronning Maud Land. This is a signature trip for historians, aviation enthusiasts, photographers and adventurers and is limited to a maximum of 12 guests and two guides. 25 October – 1 November and 17-24 November 2026. US$92,000 per person. Dates and rates for 2027 to be released shortly. [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/South-Pole-Team-at-FD83.jpg) ### North Pole Luxury Icebreaker Expedition Board a charter flight in Paris, flying direct to Longyearbyen,Svalbard where you will board state-of-the-art icebreaker Le Commandant Charcot for the journey to the North Pole. En route to and from the pole you’ll be accompanied by an expert and knowledgeable guide team to lead daily excursions and to educate you about the geography, history and biology of this remote and remarkable region. Truly a once in a lifetime experience. 8-20 August 2027 or 1-13 September 2027 From A$60,230 per person (twinshare) From €11,840 per person [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/northpoleonaluxuryexpeditionicebreaker) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Low-Resolution-22-RM_00020_CC150523_Le_Commandant_Charcot_Ice_©PONANT-Photo-Ambassador-Ian-Dawson-copy.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/davebriggsphotography-049A0349-scaled.jpg) ### Spring Secrets of Polar Bears Camping on the sea ice two hours from Qikiqtarjuaq on the east coast of Baffin Island to experience the realm of of Nanook, the mighty polar bear. A truly immersive experience on the sea ice. Inuit guides will lead daily forays across the ice in search of marine mammals including polar bears and seals and we’ll enjoy magnificent view of icebergs and keep watch for the aurora borealis by night. Adjacent image credit: David Briggs 10-17 April 2027 – 4 places remaining CAD$38,225 per person (includes return flights between Ottawa and Qikiqtarjuaq via Iqaluit) [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/amazing-spring-secrets-of-polar-bears-unveiled) ### Exclusive Private Charter – Antarctic Peninsula Charter Hanse Explorer or other luxury expedition vessels perfectly suited for intimate expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula or South Georgia. With 7 en suite cabins and two zodiacs, Hanse Explorer offers the perfect platform to explore the Antarctic Peninsula. Skiing, kayaking, photography, choose your own expert guided adventure. [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/exclusive-private-charter-antarctic-peninsula) [ARRANGE A CONFIDENTIAL FREE CONSULTATION](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-04.jpg) ### Greenland Villages Hiking Tour Hiking between Inuit villages, no roads just beautiful views and nature. Starting in Kulusuk, on Greenland’s east coast, this 9 night, ten day tour offers a mix of strenuous hiking, stunning boat rides and an insight into Inuit culture. With a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 12 guests this is a lovely remote and fun small group adventure. 2027 dates and rates will be announced shortly. [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/greenland-villages-hiking-tour) ## **science support & Bespoke antarctica** ### Scientific Support and Documentary Film-making Expeditions to Antarctica Islands & Ice Travel provides end-to-end scientific expedition support in Antarctica — including permit management, project management, field logistics, expert guide deployment, equipment transport and post-expedition reporting. We can support film productions, space-analogue research programs, independent research teams and private expeditions. Contact us to discuss your project. Read about a recent scientific expedition planned and hosted by us [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploration-science-in-antarctica-for-moon-and-mars-missions). [ARRANGE A FREE CONFIDENTIAL CONSULTATION](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Astrid-Colony-landind-2-scaled.jpg) ## **Island adventures** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/IMG_6006.jpg) ### Swim with Gentle Giants in Tropical Tonga Spend five days swimming with Humpback Whales in Tropic Tonga. Every year humpback whales migrate to Tonga to give birth in the tropical waters of Vava’u and Ha’apai. The warm waters provide a safe environment for the new-born calves. Experienced guides and crew will help us locate, observe and capture fabulous images of diverse behaviour both from our vessel and in the water in the coastal waters of Vava’u. We will also have the opportunity to explore coral reefs and may encounter other marine megafauna. We will have 5 days on the water to maximise time for quantity and quality encounters, and seven nights in peaceful waterfront accommodation. Read more about a visit to Vava’u in posts on the Explorer’s Journal page. Inquire for dates and availability (July to September each year) Price: US$6,990 per person (2027). 2028 price TBA [More Details](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Contact](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) **Published:** July 27, 2022 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** Get in touch with enquiries about our tours, make a submission via our enquiry form, or ask any questions you have. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ursus-Maritimus.jpg) # Contact us ## How to reach us We are based in the beautiful Antarctic gateway city of Hobart, Tasmania, the home port of Australia’s icebreaker, Nuyina and home to the Australian Antarctic Division, CCAMLR and the Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies. Please submit your detailed inquiry. We will respond promptly. To ensure our emails are not diverted to your junk folder, we recommend you add our email address hello@islandsandicetravel.com to your contact list. Please include a phone number, with country code, to ensure we can call you if you would like a call back. We’re very happy to set up video-calls to tell you more about the adventures on offer and answer any questions. Subscribe to our newsletter to be the first to find out about new tours for Islands & Ice Travel and to receive occasional reports from the field. ## Get in touch --- ### [About Islands & Ice Travel](https://islandsandicetravel.com/about-2) **Published:** July 28, 2022 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** An open-minded, flexible and adaptable approach is required to make the most of any wilderness adventure. We work with experienced, knowledgeable and passionate guides and leaders who understand the wildlife and the weather operate to their own timetable.  This may mean rising at 3.30am to greet the sunrise on a pristine beach with tens of thousands of King Penguins for company or staying up late to capture the stars or an auroral display.  Sometimes it means skipping a meal because you can’t take your eyes off a polar bear roaming the sea ice.   You might even help catch and cook dinner on our far western Papua New Guinea expeditions.   **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/8.jpg)# About us ## Join us and other like-minded travellers to connect with nature. Islands & Ice Travel was founded by David Sinclair in Australia’s beautiful Antarctic gateway city of Hobart. David has travelled extensively over the past three decades to over 60 countries and has participated in over 65 expeditions to the polar regions alone as a guide, photographer, expedition leader and host. David has a keen sense of what makes for a great itinerary and fantastic expedition experience whether it be for the first time traveller or a photographer looking for an intimate encounter with a special species. Islands & Ice Travel partners with like-minded regional experts and experienced and passionate guides to identify unique expeditions that maximise opportunities to explore, experience and capture the beauty of a destination. We encourage a flexible mindset to maximise opportunities. We know how wonderful it can be to experience a sunrise in the company of thousands of penguins or staying up late to witness a polar bear roaming the pack ice under the midnight sun. We also offer private expedition support whether it be for scientific expeditions, documentary film-making or private tours for discerning travellers. You can see some of David’s images here: ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Drake-Passage-Iceberg-3.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/4.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/5.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/6.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/7.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/8.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/9.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/10.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/11.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/12.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/13.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/14.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/15.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/16.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/17.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/18.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/19.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20.jpg) --- ### [About Us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/about) **Published:** July 28, 2022 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** An open-minded, flexible and adaptable approach is required to make the most of any wilderness adventure. We work with experienced, knowledgeable and passionate guides and leaders who understand the wildlife and the weather operate to their own timetable.  This may mean rising at 3.30am to greet the sunrise on a pristine beach with tens of thousands of King Penguins for company or staying up late to capture the stars or an auroral display.  Sometimes it means skipping a meal because you can’t take your eyes off a polar bear roaming the sea ice.   You might even help catch and cook dinner on our far western Papua New Guinea expeditions.   **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Schirmacher-Stroll-2-scaled.jpg)# About us ## Expert-led remote expeditions to Antarctica, the Arctic and other remote wilderness destinations. We specialise in intimate small group expeditions, predominantly to Antarctica and the high Arctic. Partnering with regional experts we curate expeditions to explore and experience some of the world’s most stunning and remote locations. Our trips are designed to experience a destination in depth, to disconnect from daily life and reconnect with nature. For us, the ultimate luxury is having the time and space to have a truly immersive wilderness experience with a small group of like-minded travellers. While our trips are in remote destinations, they are designed for almost anyone with reasonable mobility, health and fitness. No prior experience or training is required. Islands & Ice Travel was founded in 2021 by experienced expedition leader, nature photographer and lawyer, David Sinclair. David has skied across Greenland, climbed the highest mountains north of the Arctic Circle and participated in around 65 polar tourism expeditions from 2007 as a guide, expedition leader and host (including to east and west Greenland, Svalbard, the Canadian high Arctic, Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, New Zealand sub-Antarctic islands, Macquarie Island, Ross Sea, Adelie Coast, Dronning Maud Land and the South Pole). He has travelled throughout all seven continents to over 60 countries. He has extensive knowledge of Arctic and Antarctic destinations, logistics and regulations, is an accredited Senior Polar Guide with Polar Tourism Guides Association and holds wilderness first aid, coxswain and other outdoor qualifications. David holds a combined Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry & Botany) and Law degree, is an experienced in-house lawyer, award-winning nature photographer (taking out the polar category in the inaugural Frank Hurley awards) and a father of two curious gregarious girls. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/David-at-South-Pole-4-1024x712.jpg)David at the Ceremonial South PoleDavid’s deep and practical experience in risk management, project management, navigating regulatory issues combined with his extensive global travel and polar field experience leave him perfectly placed to plan and deliver remote expeditions. In January 2026 David hosted a space analogue scientific expedition to Dronning Maud Land which he helped plan and deliver from inception including working closely with the client to secure permits for the activities. You can read more about this expedition [**here**](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploration-science-in-antarctica-for-moon-and-mars-missions). Jacinta Moloney is our office manager. Jacinta holds a degree in Engineering (Chem) and is an experienced project manager (including for KBR, Veolia Water and Arup), providing back office support for the business from Hobart, Tasmania. Jacinta is the Founder and owner of **[Wild State Skincare](https://wildstateskincare.com)** (which our guests just loved in the dry Antarctic air). ## Private Expeditions In addition to advertised trips, we can customise itineraries for the most discerning clients looking for truly unique experiences. Contact us at hello@islandsandice.com for a confidential discussion about your dream expedition. ## Scientific and Documentary Film-making expedition planning and logistics With our extensive network of logistics partners and in house knowledge and expertise we can assist with support for scientific expeditions to Antarctica. Assistance includes permitting, planning, logistics and in-field hosting and guiding. In January 2026, Islands & Ice Travel, in partnership with Ultima Antarctic Expeditions hosted a space analogue scientific expedition to Dronning Maud Land involving representatives of [**Fleet Space Technologies**](https://www.fleetspace.com "Fleet Space Technologies"), [**NASA Ames Research Centre**](https://www.nasa.gov/ames/), [**Honeybee Robotics**](https://www.blueorigin.com/exploration-systems) (a Blue Origin Company), Columbia University, [**SETI Institute**](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=SETI+Institute&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8) and a film crew from [**Wild Pacific Media**](https://www.wildpacificmedia.com). We helped plan and deliver the expedition from inception to delivery. You can read more about this expedition [**here**](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploration-science-in-antarctica-for-moon-and-mars-missions). ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Dream-Team-2-1024x682.jpg)The Fleet Space Technologies team along with representatives from NASA Ames Research Centre, Honeybee Robotics, Wild Pacific Media and Columbia University![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Guests-Astrid-Emps.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/4.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/5.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/6.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/7.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/8.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/9.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/10.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/11.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/12.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/13.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/14.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/15.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/16.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/17.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/18.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/19.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20.jpg) --- ### [FAQs & Policies](https://islandsandicetravel.com/frequently-asked-questions) **Published:** April 2, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Lazarev-North_-13.jpg) # Frequently ASked Questions & POLICIES ## Policies (Scroll down for FAQs) **Islands & Ice Travel Fuel Surcharge Policy** The price you are quoted for a trip is based on fuel costs current at the time of quotation. If one of our suppliers (such as an airline, or vessel operator) increases the fuel costs they charge us after you have booked a trip, we may need to pass on some or all of that increase to you. This policy explains when that can happen, how much it could be, and what your options are. **When could a surcharge apply?** Only if a supplier we use to deliver your trip actually increases their own fuel-related charges to us after your booking is confirmed. We don’t apply surcharges to increase our own margin. **How much could it be?** Any surcharge we pass on will match the actual increase charged to us by our supplier (or a pro rata share of it, if the cost is spread across multiple customers). It will never be more than 10% of your total booking price. Full details of how any fuel surcharge will be calculated will be set out in the terms and conditions set out in the booking form you sign or have signed to join a trip. **Will you tell me before I pay?** Yes. If a surcharge applies to your booking after you’ve paid a deposit or in full, we’ll email you as soon as possible, and at least 60 days before your departure date where practical, explaining the amount and why it applies. **What if I don’t want to pay it?** If the surcharge is more than 10% of your original booking price, you can cancel your booking within 7 days of our notice and receive a full refund of everything you’ve paid — no cancellation fee. This is in addition to, and doesn’t reduce, any other rights our Australian resident customers have under Australian Consumer Law. ## Frequently Asked Questions ***Booking and inquiries*** **Q: How do I book a trip with Islands & Ice Travel?** Contact us via the enquiry form or email hello@islandsandice.com and we’ll respond promptly. We’re happy to answer any and all questions before you book. Each trip has a bespoke booking form. We will only ask you for the information we need for a specific trip. The booking form includes payment and other terms. A deposit is required for every trip to secure your place and the balance will be paid in one or two instalments. Closer to departure, payment in full is required. **Q: Can I join an Islands & Ice Travel expedition if I’m travelling solo?** Absolutely. A significant proportion of our guests travel solo. Our small group sizes create a natural intimacy and camaraderie that solo travellers often find more rewarding than larger tours. Every guest may have their own room on all of our deep field Antarctic expeditions to Dronning Maud Land. **Q: Do you offer group or private bookings?** Yes. For most of our expeditions we welcome groups of friends, family, or colleagues who wish to travel together. We can also design fully bespoke expeditions for scientific teams, documentary film makers, and private clients. Contact us to discuss your requirements. ***Fitness and health*** **Q: What level of fitness is required?** Fitness requirements vary by trip. Our Emperor Penguin colony visits in Dronning Maud Land involve walking across sea ice which can range from flat and snow-covered to slightly uneven at a slow and deliberate pace. A reasonable baseline of health and mobility is all that is needed along with medical clearance to travel. Our Svalbard and Norwegian fjord expeditions similarly involve modest hikes and zodiac landings. The North Pole Luxury Icebreaker is suitable for most guests, with daily excursions from the vessel on to the ice. The Tonga whale-swimming trip requires a level of comfort in deep water and swimming and snorkelling ability. Most of our expeditions are in fairly remote locations. Medical evacuation or treatment can be delayed, in some cases by days. **Q: Is there an upper age limit?** There is no strict upper age limit. We have welcomed guests in their 70s and 80s on Antarctic expeditions. The more relevant question is whether you are in good health and able to manage the physical demands specific to your chosen trip. We ask all guests to complete a health declaration for our deep field Antarctic expeditions prior to departure. If you have specific health considerations, we are happy to discuss these with you candidly. Our priority is your safety and enjoyment and the safety and enjoyment of your fellow travellers. **Q: Is there a minimum age for children?** Our small group dynamics are best suited to adult travellers. We will consider enquiries from families with children (12+) on a case-by-case basis. Please contact us to discuss. Again, our priority is the safety and enjoyment of all travellers and in some cases our guides are not expected to care for young children in extreme environments like the South Pole. ***Antarctica and Emperor Penguins – Deep Field Antarctica – Expeditions flying from Cape Town, South Africa to Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica*** **Q: What makes Islands & Ice Travel’s Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains expeditions different from other Emperor Penguin tours?** Islands & Ice Travel holds the distinction of running the world’s only expedition to visit two Emperor Penguin colonies in a single itinerary, the Astrid and Lazarev colonies in Dronning Maud Land. This was a world-first pioneered by our Founder, David Sinclair and partners Ultima Antarctic Expeditions. Groups are strictly limited to a maximum of 8 guests and 2 guides, ensuring an intimate and relaxed experience at the colonies for penguins and guests alike. Both colonies are a 40-50 minute flight from base. The Lazarev colony is considerably smaller than the Astrid colony. David conducted drone surveys (with special permission to fly a drone) to obtain the first accurate colony counts for these two colonies. Chick numbers are in the range of 5700 – 6300 chicks at the Astrid colony (from surveys conducted in 2023, 2024 & 2025) and 1096 and 801 chicks in 2024 and 2025 respectively at the Lazarev colony. David also conducted an aerial survey at the Ranghild colony further to the east, counting 7,310 chicks in November 2023. Accommodations do not involve tented camps but lovely heated rooms in the Schirmacher Oasis with sumptuous meals accompanied by wines matched by Ultima’s incomparable sommelier. Each guest has their own room (there are twins and doubles available for couples and travelling companions). We visit in late October through to early to mid-November before the chicks have reached adult size and before moulting out to their adult plumage. The mould commences early in December when the chicks are approaching adult size and are starting to spread out. There are fewer adults in the colony as they start to leave the colony for the season. Earlier in the season the sea ice is also stronger and safer. To date our experience of the weather conditions has been favourable compared to conditions encountered in the Weddell Sea at the Snow Hill Island colony where some vessels have struggled to come within helicopter shuttling distance or poor visibility has prevented helicopter operations. Vessels visiting the Snow Hill Island colony carry 100 to 200 passengers compared to just 8 guests on visits to the Astrid and Lazarev colonies. Far fewer people and far fewer staff managing people. Below is a table setting out some key differences between an expedition cruise and our deep field ‘Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains expeditions. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-01-at-4.44.00-pm.png)**Q: How many people have been to the Astrid and Lazarev Emperor Penguin colonies?** Very few. Astrid was first visited by a small scouting team including David Sinclair in October 2023 and Lazarev was first visited by a small scouting team including David in November 2024. In total only a few dozen people have visited each colony. **Q: Are Emperor Penguins endangered?** Emperor Penguins are classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List (upgraded from Near Threatened on 9 April 2026). Read more [here](https://iucn.org/press-release/202604/emperor-penguin-and-antarctic-fur-seal-now-endangered-due-climate-change-iucn). There is a strong push to designate emperor penguins as specially protected species under the Antarctic Treaty System. The primary threat to emperor penguins is declining sea ice due to climate change. Climate models project significant population declines if global average temperatures continue to rise. Emperor penguins could become quasi-extinct by the end of 2100 if sea ice continues to decline (Jenouvrier et al., 2021). Catastrophic breeding failures occurred when sea ice breaks up too early, and chicks are unable to swim before fledging into their adult plumage (Fretwell et al., 2023). **Q: Why do we visit Emperor Penguins in October and November?** We visit in late October/early to mid-November before the chicks start losing their down and reaching adult size. The moult commences in early December when the chicks are approaching adult size and are starting to spread out across the rapidly decaying sea ice. There are fewer adults in the colony as the season wears on – the chicks need less care and attention and will ultimately be abandoned to encourage them to head to sea for the first time and forage for themselves. It is easier to view and safer to visit emperor penguins earlier in the season when the penguins are less spread out and the sea ice is generally stronger and more widespread. This is also an optimal time for photographers and the earliest practical time to visit any colony. It is not possible to visit earlier as the re-establishment of air links and associated infrastructure including carefully prepared blue ice runways is rarely complete before late-October. Emperor Penguins breed during the Antarctic winter, precisely when conditions are most extreme. No vessel or aircraft-based tourist operation can access the interior of Antarctica in the depths of winter. By late October, conditions have improved sufficiently for carefully managed expedition access. The temperatures are less extreme, the chicks are considerably less vulnerable to disturbance and the days are longer. **Q: Do you need special skills or fitness to visit an Emperor Penguin colony?** The short answer is no. Each season a scouting team checks each site to ensure we can land and take off safely and do so in a way that will maintain distance from the colonies and avoid disturbance. The aircraft must maintain at least a half nautical mile from the colony and in practice we often park further away. The sea ice can be relatively flat, snow-covered and easy walking or it may be uneven and jumbled. Regardless, we walk at a very slow pace to avoid disturbing any curious penguins who approach and to keep a close eye out for any signs of disturbance or avian influenza as we are mandated to do under [IAATO](https://iaato.org) regulations. **Q: How does Islands & Ice Travel reach the Astrid and Lazarev Emperor Penguin colonies in Dronning Maud Land?** From the base camp at Ultima Oasis Guesthouse (located in the Schirmacher Oasis, on the edge of the Antarctic continent), guests take a short drive to Ultima Airbase where they board ski-equipped Kenn Borek de Havilland Twin Otter aircraft. The Twin Otters land on the sea ice at a safe distance from the colonies, from where guides slowly walk across the sea ice to the edge of the colony. We walk slowly and deliberately to avoid disturbance and to look for any signs of avian influenza. Q**: Is there a risk that the expedition won’t reach one or both colonies due to weather?** Antarctica weather is inherently unpredictable. Since we commenced running expeditions to these two colonies no trip has missed out on visiting the colonies, the Drygalski Mountains or the South Pole. Anecdotally there is less inclement weather in Dronning Maud Land (around 70S) compared to Snow Hill Island (which is located in the northern part of the Weddell Sea around 64 47S and not impacted by the high pressure system that tends to sit over the content at higher latitudes). **Q: Q: What environmental regulations apply to Emperor Penguin colony visits?** Emperor Penguin colonies are protected by the Antarctic Treaty System and IAATO guidelines. Key regulations include: maintaining at least minimum distances during air approaches, avoiding disturbance which requires a slow and quiet approach and maintaining a minimum 5-metre distance from all wildlife or 15m from penguin pathways. Kneeling or sitting on the ice or placing any bags on the ice is prohibited, not surrounding or blocking the movement of colonies; keeping to one side of the colony and 15 metres from areas where penguins commute to and from the ice edge; not leaving any waste at the colony; and rigorous biosecurity procedures to prevent the introduction of pathogens including avian influenza. These minimum requirements are common to all penguin colony visits across Antarctica no matter who you travel with. Guests are comprehensively briefed before we visit any colonies. Q: **Are Emperor Penguins curious about humans?** In short, yes. Emperor Penguins have evolved in an environment with virtually no terrestrial predators, so they have no instinctive fear of humans. They are genuinely curious creatures that will often approach visitors. We must, however, maintain at least 5m from the birds at all time and we cannot sit or lie down on the ice or lay any gear on the ice (with the exception of tripods that are decontaminated both pre and post visit). These rules are common to all excursions in the vicinity of wildlife concentrations anywhere in Antarctica be it to Dronning Maud Land, the Ross Sea or the Antarctic Peninsula. **Q: Other than Emperor Penguins, what other wildlife might we see in Dronning Maud Land?** In addition to the Emperor Penguins, guests on Islands & Ice Travel’s Dronning Maud Land expeditions have observed Adélie Penguins (both at emperor colonies and in and around the Schirmacher Oasis), Weddell Seals resting beside their breathing holes in the sea ice at Emperor penguin colonies, Snow Petrels, Antarctic Skuas, Wilson’s Storm Petrels and occasionally Antarctic Petrels. We have had a single instance of a Southern Fulmar at the Schirmacher Oasis. Wilsons Storm Petrels nest close to the Ultima Oasis Guesthouse, arriving each summer around 17/18 November. Snow Petrels are often seen at Emperor colonies or flying over the Schirmacher Oasis on their way back to their mountain nesting sites in the Wohlthat, Gruber, Drygalski and other mountain ranges further south. We often find Snow Petrel bones in and around old skua nesting sites. We have identified previously undocumented Adelie Penguin nesting sites in the region around the Schirmacher Oasis, some 40 miles in a direct line across the Nivl Ice Shelf to open water. The birds have produced eggs that have hatched, however, the chicks do not survive as the parents have too far to travel to the edge of the ice shelf and back to forage for food for their chicks. We do not know why these birds are nesting so far from their food source. We have also documented two pairs of Adelie Penguins creating nests from pieces of ice at the Astrid Emperor penguin colony (November 2025). Both pairs produced an egg. **What camera equipment do you recommend for Emperor Penguin visits?** A camera with a telephoto lens in the 400–600mm range is ideal for isolating individual penguins and capturing detail at a distance. However, wider focal lengths (28-70 or 70–200mm) are equally important for capturing the scale and drama of the colony. Bring a second camera body if you have one as switching lenses in the field is challenging when wearing thick gloves, and having two focal lengths ready to go reduces risk of missing ‘the shot’. A camera harness (such as the BlackRapid dual harness) is highly recommended so you can keep both bodies accessible without placing bags on the ice. Tripods are permitted and are excellent for video and time-lapse and for minimising camera shake when shooting at lower ISO. All tripods and equipment that will contact the ground must be biosecurity-treated before and after colony visits. Use your camera’s tilting rear screen to compose low-angle shots without kneeling – this is critical under current IAATO regulations which prohibit buying down or kneeling on the ground. **How cold does it get and how can I manage camera batteries?** At the Astrid and Lazarev Emperor Penguin colonies in October and November, temperatures typically range from around -5°C to -15°C, occasionally colder with wind chill. At this temperature, lithium batteries perform well but will drain faster than in temperate conditions. Carry fully charged spares and keep them warm against your body when not in use. At the South Pole, temperatures of -30°C to -50°C severely limit battery life. Plan accordingly, keep batteries warm in inside pockets, and rotate them frequently. **Can I bring a drone?** Personal drones are not permitted under International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) guidelines. Our Founder has obtained permission to fly a drone, specifically to assist with Emperor Penguin colony population counts shared with researchers and to obtain images and footage for commercial purposes which is why you may see some drone images and footage on our website and social media pages. Guests may not operate personal drones at any point during Antarctic expeditions. **Q: Is travel insurance required for a trip to Antarctica?** Yes — comprehensive travel insurance including emergency medical evacuation cover is mandatory for all Islands & Ice Travel Antarctic expeditions. Antarctica is among the most remote destinations on Earth, and medical evacuation costs can be very high. Minimum coverage limits will be set out in the booking form. Evidence of insurance will be required prior to departure. We recommend your travel insurance include comprehensive cancellation coverage, including where you need to cancel your trip prior to departure due to an accident or deteriorating health or incapacity of an immediate family member. Please take care to read policy terms and conditions to ensure the policy covers the geographical region of Antarctica, the planned activities and medical evacuation and check all exclusions carefully, particularly in regard to pre-existing medical conditions which may need to be disclosed and may attract an additional premium. **Q: What clothing is provided for the Emperor Penguins & Drygalski Mountains and South Pole & Emperor Penguins expeditions?** We can provide heavy duty outer layers, warm boots, ski gloves, ski goggles, duffle bags and pee bottles. We issue this clothing in Cape Town one or two days prior to departure. You will need to bring your own thermal underwear and warm socks (we recommend at least two pairs of each) and comfortable clothing and shoes for time around base. No formal wear is required for dinners. The cuisine is extraordinary, the experience, casual and fun. **Q: Can we shower at the base in the Schirmacher Oasis?** Yes, however, water is scarce and we treat water supplies with great care. We ask that guests only shower sparingly when needed and to only use the eco-friendly soaps provided. Antarctica is not like any other destination so please expect rigorous waste management protocols. We take great care to reduce energy and water needs and to remove everything from Antarctica to minimise our environmental footprint. **Q: What is the food like and are drinks included in the price?** The food is, in a word, exceptional. With regular resupply of fresh seasonal ingredients from Cape Town and two exceptional chefs, every meal is flavourful and inventive. We also cater to a range of dietary requirements. A range of premium wines and other beverages are served by our in house sommelier and are all included in the price. **Q: Do you need a visa to travel to Antarctica from South Africa?** No, you do not need a visa but you will need to bring your passport with you as you will clear immigration on departure and re-enter South Africa on your return from Antarctica. If you need a visa to enter South Africa you may well need a multiple entry visa as you will enter South Africa prior to flying to Antarctica then you will leave South Africa for Antarctica then re-enter South Africa on your return from Antarctica (thus entering South African twice. ***Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava’u, Tonga*** **When is the season for swimming with Humpback Whales in Tonga?** The season runs from July to October when the whales return from their seasonal migration in cooler waters to the warmer waters of Tonga for calving and mating season. **What fitness requirements are there to swim with whales?** Participants should be able to swim a hundred metres comfortably, and be confident snorkelling in deep water (open ocean) that may, at times, be choppy. We aim to avoid rough seas. If you look at a map of Vava’u you will see there are sheltered waters and typically we can find protection from wind and swell. The prevailing wind is from the south-east so we spend much of our time to the west and north of Neiafu. **How many people are there in a group?** We take a maximum of 6 people on a boat with a skipper and local Tongan guide. Three swimmers are allowed in the water at once time with the guide so we rotate groups of three and over the course of five days swimming everyone has opportunities for intimate encounters. **Can you dive or free dive with Humpback Whales?** No diving and free diving with Humpback Whales is prohibited under Tongan law. Fin size and composition is now restricted (maximum 70cm and made of plastic) to prevent free-diving. **What is the temperature (air and water) like between July and October?** During the day time the air temperature and the water temperature are both around 26C (79F). There is often a breeze (typically from the SE). **Where do we stay in Vava’u?** All guests will stay at either Seastar House or Hibiscus House unless otherwise advised. The properties sit side by side on the waterfront around 2 kilometres outside of Neiafu. Each swimming day the boat will come to a dock at the rear of Seastar House too collect swimmers around 07:00 each morning. **How long will you spend on the water each day?** Each day we are permitted to spend 7 hours on the water. Swimming days typically start around 07:00 with a return to your accommodation around 14:00. Sundays are rest days in Tonga so no whale swimming on Sundays. **Is their internet at our accommodation?** Yes, Starlink internet is available at the properties. You may wish to purchase a SIM card from local providers while in Tonga if you require connectivity while away from your accommodation. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [In the News & Testimonials](https://islandsandicetravel.com/in-the-news-testimonials) **Published:** September 15, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Vestrahorn.jpg) # In the news & Testimonials ## In the News & Testimonials **Testimonials** We’re always delighted to receive positive feedback from our valued guests. **Robert from Australia** had this to say about the 2024 Emperors & Mountains expedition in response to an inquiry asking about an independent assessment of the expedition: “*I cannot recommend David more highly. He has vast experience in the polar regions and has enormous passion for Antarctica and he delights in showing it to his guests*. *I have been on a couple of expedition cruises to the Antarctic Peninsula. What David is offering is on a totally different ‘level’ entirely! I did the trip with David last November. The fact that it involves flying only and no ship, makes it a very different experience. The fact that there is only 8 people on the trip (rather than 100-200 on a Peninsula trip) also gives a totally different perspective. There is a much greater sense of adventure, beginning with the fact that you spend time in beautiful Cape Town before the trip and the fact that you fly on a huge cargo plane. Landing and taking off on this extraordinary ice runway is an amazing experience on its own*. *The flights to the two Emperor penguin colonies we visited and into the mountains were just extraordinary! Jaw dropping scenery that is very hard to describe. The visits to the Emperors has to be (perhaps along with gorillas in Rwanda) the most amazing experiences of my life*. *There was nothing I wished I knew about before booking the trip – I had worked very closely with David, so was very well prepared. Although, NOTHING can prepare you for the experiences you will have and how amazing it will be*. *There was nothing about the trip that didn’t meet my expectations. EVERYTHING about the trip exceeded my very high expectations. Obviously, paying the large amount of money involved ensures you are have high expectations to undertake the trip. You will not be disappointed*.” **Janet, from the USA**, also on the 2024 Emperors & Mountains Expedition wrote, “*I’ve always wanted to visit Antarctica, and I was certain I’d never get beyond the \[Antarctic\] Peninsula. This trip gave me the chance to experience the Antarctica of my wildest imagining, the Antarctica of epic exploration and breathtaking grandeur. I walked on the ice shelf. I flew over mountains so extraordinary I can hardly believe they’re real. I saw thousands and thousands of Emperor penguins, and followed their tracks to the edge of the sea ice. I sat on a cliff top studded with garnets, watching nesting Wilson’s storm petrels in front of the never-setting sun. All this, and at the end of the day a cocktail, a chef-prepared meal, and a cosy bed*.” **Linda from Brisbane** travelled on the 2024 ***[Antarctic Peninsula Explorer](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/amazing-antarctica)***. Linda wrote: “*David provides an amazing personal and professional travel experience. Not only with the actual trip but with help and advice before and after. David goes above and beyond with every traveller to ensure that they get the very best out of their experiences*.” **In the News** Check out stories in the links below for stories about Islands & Ice Travel and Islands & Ice Travel’s Founder, David Sinclair: Islands & Ice Travel was featured in the Australian Financial Review twice in 2024. For an article by Ronald Mizen about our [**Emperor’s & Mountains**](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) expedition [***clic***](https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/travel/forget-cruises-the-only-way-to-see-antarctica-is-to-go-deep-field-20241118-p5krnx)*[**k here**](https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/travel/forget-cruises-the-only-way-to-see-antarctica-is-to-go-deep-field-20241118-p5krnx)*. For a story about Islands & Ice Travel Founder, David Sinclair in AFR, [**click here**](https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/travel/this-lawyer-lived-a-double-life-for-20-years-now-he-s-going-all-in-20240802-p5jz0i). Dronning Maud Land was named by Conde Nast Traveler in the ***[Best 25 Places to Go in 2025](https://www.cntraveler.com/story/best-places-to-go-in-2025)***. For a story in the Examiner from Islands & Ice Travel home State in Australia, [***click here***](https://www.examiner.com.au/story/8876756/antarctic-tourism-venture-thrives-under-expert-guide/). For a story about David’s double life as a lawyer and expedition leader in Lawyer’s Weekly, [***click here***](https://www.lawyersweekly.com.au/corporate-counsel/39621-leading-expeditions-to-the-polar-regions-makes-me-a-better-in-house-lawyer). For a Q&A with David in Lux Magazine ***[click here](https://www.lux-mag.com/6-questions-david-sinclair/)***. ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Tours](https://islandsandicetravel.com/home/tours) **Published:** July 28, 2022 **Author:** Kings Design **Excerpt:** See the full range of icy, island, and photography tours that we have on offer! **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/10.jpg) **Tours** # Explore our Tours ## All Tours Scroll down and click on the tour you are interested in to see more details. [Contact us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) for a detailed briefing on any trip. - [Spring Secrets of Polar Bears](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/amazing-spring-secrets-of-polar-bears-unveiled) # Spring Secrets of Polar Bears --- Gallery What to expect on your adventure! - [Greenland Villages Hiking Tour](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/greenland-villages-hiking-tour) ![Hiking between Inuit villages in East Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-04.jpg) # Greenland Villages Hiking Tour --- Hike between Inuit towns on the east coast of Greenland enjoying magnificent views of mountains, wildflowers and icebergs. - [Shackleton’s Antarctica-South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Weddell Sea and Elephant Island](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/shackletons-antarctica-south-georgia-south-sandwich-islands-weddell-sea-and-elephant-island) ![Zodiac cruising in Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Zodiac-cruising-3-scaled.jpg) # Shackleton’s Antarctica-South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Weddell Sea and Elephant Island --- Extended Antarctic voyage to South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, deep into the Weddell Sea and back to Ushuaia via Elephant Island - [Svalbard Expedition Cruise on Captain Arctic](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/springtime-in-svalbard) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_9242-scaled.jpg) # Svalbard Expedition Cruise on Captain Arctic --- A springtime voyage aboard the new and environmentally friendly Captain Arctic along Svalbard’s west coast unfolds around the Spring equinox at the point of swift transition between polar night and endless sunshine. From late March into early April, the sun returns stretching twilight into luminous hours of blue and pink light that glaze glaciers, fjords, and jagged peaks. Sea ice drifts along the coast, sculpted by wind and tide. - [Geographic North Pole on a Luxury Expedition Icebreaker](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/northpoleonaluxuryexpeditionicebreaker) ![Arctic pack ice on route to the Geographic North Pole](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Low-Resolution-22-RM_00020_CC150523_Le_Commandant_Charcot_Ice_©PONANT-Photo-Ambassador-Ian-Dawson-copy.jpg) 27 July – 11 August 2026, 11 – 27 August 2026 and 27 August – 11 September 2026 # Geographic North Pole on a Luxury Expedition Icebreaker --- Travel on a luxury icebreaker expedition to the Geographic North Pole on Le Commandant Charcot, an extraordinary way to experience the high Arctic. - [Exclusive Private Charter Antarctic Peninsula](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/exclusive-private-charter-antarctic-peninsula) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials.jpg) # Exclusive Private Charter Antarctic Peninsula --- Design your own small group, expert-led voyage of exploration to Antarctica on board a stunning luxury expedition discovery yacht. - [Scoresby Sund Explorer: East Greenland’s Ultimate Adventure](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/scoresby-sund-explorer) ![Jaw dropping mountain scenery in Ø Fjord, East Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/O-Fjord-Peak-4-scaled.jpg) # Scoresby Sund Explorer: East Greenland’s Ultimate Adventure --- Gallery What to expect on your adventure! - [Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) ![A beautiful photograph of Emperor Penguin chicks taken on the very first visit by humans to the Lazarev Emperor Penguin colony, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lazarev-North-Emperors-for-web-2.jpg) # Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains --- The ultimate Antarctica expedition visiting two rarely visited Emperor Penguin colonies and the majestic Drygalski Mountains. - [Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava’u Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/MGL9491-scaled.jpg) # Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava’u Tonga --- Enjoy a week swimming with Humpback Whales in the warm tropical waters of Vava’u, Tonga on this all inclusive small group tour. - [Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) ![A person stands at the ceremonial pole near the Geographic South Pole surrounded by the flags of the 12 original signatories to the Antarctic Treaty](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Cermonial-Pole.jpg) 27 November – 4 December 2025 # Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins --- Fly to the Geographic South Pole and to an Emperor Penguin colony for the ultimate Antarctic experience. --- ## Tours ### [Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) **Published:** July 19, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** The ultimate Antarctica expedition visiting two rarely visited Emperor Penguin colonies and the majestic Drygalski Mountains. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lazarev-North-Emperors-for-web-2.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains This is the ultimate Antarctic experience. With just 8 guests and two guides we visit two rarely visited Emperor Penguin colonies and the Drygalski Mountains in one extraordinary week in Antarctica. More people have scaled the highest peak on every continent than have visited many of the sites we plan to visit. Over 100,000 people now voyage to the Antarctic Peninsula every year. This is a path less trodden, truly an adventure of a lifetime. In October and November Emperor Penguin chicks are still in their fluffy down suits but gaining size as they emerge from the long dark winter. As summer approaches the days lengthen and the sea ice breeding ground retreats. We plan to visit the *Astrid* and *Lazarev* Emperor Penguin colonies to quietly observe and capture beautiful images of these incredible creatures in the company of two expert guides. View an Emperor Penguins and Drygalski Mountains trip video [**here**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHna1vwZROM "here") ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lazarev-North-Emperors-for-web-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Astrid-Colony-For-Web-1024x683.jpg)Our other key objective on this expedition is to fly to the spectacular Drygalski Mountains flanking the Fenristunga (Wolf’s Tongue Glacier). Ulvetanna’s sheer north face rises some 4500 feet from the ice. Holtanna’s west face illuminated by late evening light is an incredible sight. We will land in three different locations to admire these impressive peaks, capture beautiful images and experience the true majesty and solitude of this incredibly remote location. ![Twin Otter parked at the base of Holtanna Mountain in the Drygalski Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Twin-Otter-Holtanna-6-1024x683.jpg)Twin Otter, Holtanna, Drygalski Mountains![Aerial view late evening over Holtanna, Ulvetanna and Kintanna in the Drygalski Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Drygalski-Mountains-3-1024x683.jpg)Closer to our comfy lodgings in the Schirmacher Oasis we visit ethereal ice features including an extraordinary neon blue ice tunnel in the Lazarev Ice Shelf on the very edge of the Antarctic continent and an ice wall a 45 minute drive across the ice plateau from Oasis Camp. ![A neon blue ice tunnel in the Nivl Ice Shelf adjacent to the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Tunnel-2.jpg)Ice Tunnel, a photographer’s dream![The "Ice Wall", a 21km drive from the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Wall.jpg)Ice Wall, Dronning Maud Land 25 October – 1 November 2026 2 places remaining. 31 October – 7 November 2026 SOLD OUT US$61,000 per person (2026 price). Book now for 2027 and 2028 (Price TBA soon) ### **Day 1** We fly from Cape Town, South Africa to an ice runway in Dronning Maud Land from where we drive 30 minutes across the polar ice cap to the cosy Oasis Camp, our base for the week at the eastern end of the Schirmacher Oasis. ### Expedition Days Our primary objectives are to visit the *Astrid* and *Lazarev* Emperor Penguin colonies and the Drygalski Mountains. Closer to Oasis Camp we will visit stunning ice features accessed by vehicle (Arctic Trucks) and on foot. We will enjoy hikes for any level of fitness around the unique largely ice-free Schirmacher Oasis. We will enjoy fine wine and cuisine and even a traditional banya (sauna). ### **Final night and day** We return to Ultima Airbase for the final night before flying back to Cape Town. Noting all flights are subject to weather conditions in Dronning Maud Land and any NOTAMs issued that may cause flight delays. *Inclusions* - Flights between Cape Town and Dronning Maud Land - All internal twin otter flights to and from the Emperor Penguin colonies and Drygalski Mountains - All accommodation, guides, drinks and Starlink internet at Oasis Camp. - Airport transfers in Cape Town (for your flights to and from Antarctica) - A range of specialised cold weather outer layers and boots can be loaned for the duration of your trip to save you purchasing and travelling with bulky items *Exclusions* - Travel to and from Cape Town (flexible flights are recommended and arrival into Cape Town three days in advance of departure for Antarctica is required allowing time to conduct mandatory briefings and issue specialist clothing and equipment for your adventure) - any additional costs incurred due to changes to flights beyond our control (in particular weather delays) - travel insurance (mandatory), medical treatment and evacuation costs - meals and accommodation in Cape Town *Accommodation in Antarctica* We will stay at the Oasis Camp at the eastern end of the Schirmacher Oasis which sits right on the edge of the Antarctic continent between the polar ice cap and the Nivl Ice Shelf. Enjoy amazing service from the hospitality team, a sauna, delicious cuisine from ingredients supplied fresh from Cape Town on a weekly basis and an excellent range of sommelier served South African wines and Starlink internet to stay in touch with your friends and family or simply log off for the duration of your stay, there’s simply no better place to experience peace and solitude. Click here for [Frequently Asked Questions](https://islandsandicetravel.com/frequently-asked-questions) ![Oasis Camp](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/PHOTO-2024-03-27-16-57-24-1024x768.jpg)Oasis Camp Lounge![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Shirmacher-Oasis-2-2-1024x683.jpg)Oasis Camp is set on the eastern end of the Schirmacher Oasis which sits on the edge of the Antarctic continent. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Oasis-Breakfast-Christmas-Vibe-3-1024x683.jpg) ![Comfortable accommodation at Oasis Camp. Every guest gets their own room.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Oasis-King-Bed-1024x683.jpg)![Emperor Penguins preening at the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Emps-5-1024x683.jpg) ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Arctic-Truck.jpg)Antarctic ground transportation ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Holtanna-aerial-scaled.jpg)breathtaking views high above holtanna mountain ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Astrid-Colony-landind-1-scaled.jpg)Ice shelf landing astrid emperor penguin colony ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Astrid-Emperor-Penguin-Colony-15-scaled.jpg) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Scoresby Sund Explorer: East Greenland’s Ultimate Adventure](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/scoresby-sund-explorer) **Published:** July 25, 2024 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/O-Fjord-Peak-5-scaled.jpg) # Scoresby Sund Explorer- Micro Expedition Cruise in Remote East Greenland ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Scoresby Sund Explorer- Micro Expedition Cruise in Remote East Greenland The end of September in the deep fjords of East Greenland above the Arctic Circle marks a unique time of transition. Around the equinox Greenland starts transitioning from autumn to winter. The scenery is a mixture of fall colours and fresh snow on the surrounding peaks, providing a wonderful palette for photographers and nature lovers. Longer nights afford opportunities opportunities to witness and photograph the ethereal aurora borealis as it streaks over Scoresby Sund. Glaciers flowing from the Greenland icecap calve new icebergs into the fjord system, often grounding in the Bear Islands where we zodiac cruise in protected waters searching for wildlife and the perfect photographic compositions. For travellers, this micro expedition cruise in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland offers an intimate window into this extraordinarily remote unpopulated wilderness area abutting the Greenland icecap. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Aurora-Scoresby-Sund-1024x683.jpg)The sheer scale of Scoresby Sund is breathtaking. Dramatic views unfold at each turn. Towering peaks plunge into deep icy waters. Their stark beauty is mirrored in the glassy fjord surfaces that stretch for miles. Giant sculpted icebergs run aground among Bjorn Ø (the Bear Islands). Icebergs and zodiacs add scale to the scene. We will have two expert guides and just two zodiacs with plenty of space to spread out and no time wasted loading and unloading just 12 people on each excursion. This is an unhurried and unharried expedition experience affording time and space to enjoy the scenery and serenity. ![Iceberg, Bear Islands](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Berg-zodiac-1024x683.jpg)Iceberg, Bear IslandsExploring Scoresby Sund in September offers a chance to witness the light and shadow across the landscape around autumnal equinox. Additionally, photographers may capture golden silhouettes of icebergs on mirror-calm mornings. Every evening we will be on the lookout for the aurora borealis painting the sky with dancing ribbons of green light. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Aurora-2-1-1024x683.jpg)Limited to 12 guests, you will be guided through Scoresby Sund by two expert guides who will help you capture the grandeur and beauty of this remote region. This scoresby sund explorer micro expedition cruise in east Greenland offers intimate access to one of the world’s most beautiful and remote regions. ![Musk Ox](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Musk-Ox-4-1024x683.jpg)Musk Ox![An iceberg grounded among the Bear Islands, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Berg-7-1024x683.jpg)An iceberg grounded among the Bear Islands, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland 26 September – 4 October 2027 Maximum 12 berths. From €16,500 (incl return charter flight between Iceland and Greenland) per person (twin/double and penthouse rooms available). ### **Day 1** We will fly to Greenland on a specially chartered flight to board Vikingfjord and commence our exploration of Scoresby Sund. ### **Day**s 2-7 We will explore the world’s largest fjord system by day and keep an eye on the night skies for the spectacular aurora borealis. This is a genuine expeditionary experience so we do not have a set itinerary. Expert guides and the Master of the vessel will determine the best activities and options for each day to optimise the experience. ### **Days** 8 We will disembark at Constable Pynt for our return charter flight to Reykjavik, Iceland. ### Day 9 Onward travel from Iceland. ![Scoresby Sund Micro Cruise - Possible Destinations](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-12.45.42-pm.png)Scoresby Sund Micro Cruise – Possible Destinations### Inclusions Exclusive charter flights between Reykjavik and Nerlerit Inaat (Constable Point (CNP)) Greenland. One night at a hotel in Reykjavik on return from Greenland 23kg checked baggage allowance on charter flight (and 5kg carry-on) more than the 15kg allowance on regular domestic flights) 7 nights on MV Vikingfjord and full board (all meals and alcoholic drinks with dinner) Expert Greenland expedition leader and guide and all excursions Use of rubber boots and warm waterproof outer wear for the duration of the trip. #### About MV Vikingfjord MV Vikingfjord is a rugged ice-strengthened expedition vessel carrying a maximum of just 12 guests. Fitted with a new energy efficient engine and NOX cleaning in 2023 – resulting in a 95% reduction in NOX emissions. 9 en-suite cabins, an open plan saloon with rear facing windows, and on deck hot tub and sauna. A perfect platform for small group exploration in style and comfort. be sure to spend time on the bridge with the crew in between excursions. ![Vikingfjord cosy and warm bridge lounge](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Twin-Cabin-24-1024x683.jpg)Vikingfjord cozy and warm open access bridge lounge ![MV Vikingfjord Dining Area](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MV-Vikingfjord-Dining-Area-Wide-With-Detail-Secret-Atlas-4-1024x683.jpg)Dining Area on MV VikingfjordTo view a short video produced by our Founder and General Manager, David Sinclair who travelled on MV Vikingfjord on this itinerary in 2024 [click here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/exploring-scoresby-sund-on-a-micro-expedition-cruise) ![Twin cabin on MV Vikingfjord,micro expedition cruise ship](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-1-1024x683.jpg)Twin cabin on MV Vikingfjord, micro expedition cruise ship![Jaw dropping mountain scenery in Ø Fjord, East Greenland](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/O-Fjord-Peak-4-1024x683.jpg)Jaw dropping mountain scenery in Ø Fjord, East Greenland ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Vikingfjord-4-scaled.jpg)zodiac operations ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Red-Point-scaled.jpg)RØdepynT ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Aurora-2-1-scaled.jpg)Auroral BY David Sinclair ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Iceberg-copy-6-scaled.jpg)Grounded Iceberg, Bjorn O ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Exclusive Private Charter Antarctic Peninsula](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/exclusive-private-charter-antarctic-peninsula) **Published:** March 17, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Design your own small group, expert-led voyage of exploration to Antarctica on board a stunning luxury expedition discovery yacht. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-5.jpg) # Exclusive Private Charter Antarctic Peninsula ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Private Charter Ice-class, Hanse Explorer is a beautiful expedition yacht, perfect for intimate small group adventures on the Antarctic Peninsula. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-18-1024x782.jpg)Hanse Explorer can accommodate up to 12 guests across 7 en suite cabins. The expansive master cabin is situated on the upper deck and features a large private lounge. The remaining six en suite cabins are situated on the main deck and an be configured for either double or twin sleeping arrangements. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-11-1024x683.jpg)Hanse Explorer is available for charter for private groups. [Contact us](https://islandsandicetravel.com/contact) for more information and to arrange a confidential discussion about your dream Antarctic adventure. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Penguins-Cuverville-1024x683.jpg) 2026 and 2027 dates available. Additional info ### **Day 1** Arrive Punta Arenas for briefings and biosecurity ### **Day 2** Fly to Frei Station (King George Island) in the South Shetland Islands to join Hanse Explorer for the adventure of a lifetime. ### Expedition Days in Antarctica Explore the Antarctic Peninsula with your expert guides enjoying skiing, kayaking, zodiac cruising, photography and more. ### **Final day** Return flight to Punta Arenas from Frei Station ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/14-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Humpback-Fluke-1024x680.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-8-1024x679.jpg) ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials.jpg)Emperor Penguin ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-18.jpg)Sea Ice Landing ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-10.jpg)Elegant cabins ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hanse-Explorer-Images-for-Web-Socials-7.jpg)Gourmet Dining ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Geographic South Pole and Emperor Penguins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/south-pole-and-emperor-penguins) **Published:** July 28, 2022 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Fly to the Geographic South Pole and to an Emperor Penguin colony for the ultimate Antarctic experience. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Cermonial-Pole.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ### South Pole & Emperor Penguins Join us on the trip of a lifetime, combining one of nature’s rarest and remarkable wildlife experiences with a journey to the southernmost point on earth, the Geographical South Pole. This is a journey for polar historians, wildlife lovers, aviation enthusiasts, polar explorers and anyone with a yearning to experience this great white wilderness that is Antarctica in a way very few people ever get to experience. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/David-at-South-Pole-4-1024x712.jpg)At the Ceremonial South PoleOur journey starts in beautiful Cape Town where we will fit you with warm polar clothing and prepare you for your journey south. We will fly 5.5-6 hours south to a blue ice runway at Ultima Airbase well south of the Antarctic Circle. At the airbase you will be met by your guides and hosts and take a 25 minute drive across the ice cap to our lodgings in the Schirmacher Oasis. This will be our warm and cosy base for a week in Antarctica. ![Oasis Camp, Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Ultima's luxury camp](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Oasis-Camp-1024x683.jpg)Oasis Camp at the eastern end of the Schirmacher OasisOur two key objectives for the week are the flight to the South Pole and a flight to an Emperor Penguin colony (either Astrid or Lazarev). The flight to the South Pole involves two stops at Ultima High Latitude Camp at 83S where we will refuel en route to the South Pole. On our return from the South Pole we will stop once again at the Ultima High Latitude Camp to afford the pilots the opportunity for some rest and sleep. Camping at 83S is an amazing experience, surrounded by the vast flat white polar plateau. We have a heated kitchen tent to enjoy a hot drink and hot soup and tents, sleeping bags and stretcher beds are provided to get some shuteye. ![The iconic Basler parked at the Ultima High Latitude Camp at 83S on the polar plateau](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/FD83-7-1024x683.jpg)The iconic Basler parked at the Ultima High Latitude Camp at 83SOn arrival at the south pole we will visit both the Ceremonial marker flanked by the flags of the 12 nations that were the initial signatories to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 and we will visit the Geographic South Pole some 150m away where all the lines of longitude converge at the axis of planet Earth. It’s amazing to circle the pole, crossing all the lines of longitude in just a few seconds. ![A person stands at the Geographic South Pole](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Christy-5-1024x683.jpg)Standing at the southernmost point on planet earthWe fly to the Emperor Penguins in a Twin Otter, landing on the sea ice or nearby ice shelf before walking into the colony to enjoy incredible views of Emperor Penguins, icebergs and sea ice. A truly rare experience. Only a few dozen people have visited the colony we will visit on this expedition. ![Curious Emperor Penguins toboggan over the sea ice to visit the twin otter parked beside a large tabular iceberg](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Lazarev-1024x683.jpg)Curious Emperor Penguins toboggan over the sea ice to visit the twin otter parked beside a large tabular iceberg![Emperor Penguin chicks at the Astrid Emperor Penguin colony, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Emp-chicks-copy-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin chicks, endlessly curious and entertainingWhen not flying to the South Pole or to the Emperor Penguins we will explore the Schirmacher Oasis, a rare ice free stretch of land wedged between the polar ice cap and the Nivl Ice Shelf. Excursions include a 21km drive across the ice to a beautiful ice wall and a hike to an elaborate ice tunnel, carved by water, wind and time. There are a range of short walks for all levels of fitness and mobility or you can just enjoy the hospitality at Oasis camp where our very experienced hospitality team will take great care of you. Guides will be on hand should you wish to go for a hike or a fat bike ride. We will enjoy sumptuous cuisine prepared by our chef team using fresh ingredients flown from Cape Town on a weekly basis. Accompanying meals are a range of premium wines served by our expert sommelier Billy. After a long day exploring you may wish to enjoy a traditional sauna and ice bath ritual just metres from our accommodation block. Together these experiences make for a week like no other, blend of adventure and luxury in the company of expert guides and hosts Inquire for dates | Maximum of 12 guests | US$92,000pp (26/27 season price) Inclusions - Flights between Cape Town and Dronning Maud Land. - All internal twin otter and Basler flights, excursions, meals, accommodation, expert guides, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and satellite internet at Oasis Camp. - Warm weather outer layers and boots loaned for the expedition. Exclusions - Travel between your home and Cape Town. - Any costs incurred due to changes to flights beyond our control, especially weather delays. - Evacuation, medical treatment costs, and mandatory travel insurance are not included; - Meals and accommodation in Cape Town are not included. There are two accommodation blocks with a total of 10 rooms with a range of configurations including single, double and twin rooms. Meals are in a separate dining area. The sauna is a very short walk from the accommodation blocks and dining room. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Oasis-Dinner-1024x683.jpg)Traditional banya viewed from the dining room at Oasis Camp![Oasis Camp](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/PHOTO-2024-03-27-16-57-24-1024x768.jpg)Oasis Camp![Room at Oasis Camp, Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Oasis-Bedroom-1024x683.jpg)Room at Oasis Camp![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Ice-Wall-2-1024x683.jpg)Ice Wall, a 21km drive from Oasis Camp.![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Alex-Stead-Ice-Tunnel-1024x683.jpg)Ice Tunnel in the ice shelf adjacent to the Schirmacher Oasis![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Schirmacher-Oasis-2-1024x529.jpg)Schirmacher Oasis, ice free for 160,000 years wedged between the ice sheet and the ice shelf![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Fat-Bike-3-1024x683.jpg)Fat Biking, Schirmacher Oasis ## Trip Gallery ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ragnhild-chicks-2-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Emperors-the-Kids-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Astrid-Colony-landind-1-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Basler-Twin-Otter.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ilyushin-76-TD90-sunstar-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Sea-iced-and-shelf-ice-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Emperor-Penguins-2-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Emperors-copy-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Basler-2-copy.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Tunnel-2.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Lake-Ice-Shirmacher-Oasis-3-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ice-Wall.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/OASIS-16-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Shirmacher-Oasis-2-2-scaled.jpg) ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava'u Tonga](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/swimming-with-gentle-giants-in-tropical-tonga) **Published:** April 16, 2023 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Enjoy a week swimming with Humpback Whales in the warm tropical waters of Vava'u, Tonga on this all inclusive small group tour. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/The-Dive-1-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/The-Dive-1-scaled.jpg) ## Swimming with Humpback Whales in Vava’u Tonga Every year humpback whales migrate to Tonga to give birth in the tropical waters of Vava’u. The warm waters provide a safe environment for the new-born calves. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Calf-play-1-1024x683.jpg)Experienced guides and crew will help us locate and observe these gentle giants from our vessel and in the water. We will take to the water in groups of 3 with a guide and experience mesmerising and lasting encounters in a respectful manner. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Rising-Up-1024x683.jpg)Each morning you will be picked up around 7a.m. at a jetty abutting your waterfront residence to spend 7 hours on the water enjoying the company of these stunning gentle giants amid a backdrop of beautiful palm-fringed shorelines, coral reefs and limestone caves. Read more about the experience in the [Explorer’s Journal](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/swimming-with-humpback-whales-in-tropical-tonga) section of the website. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Fish-Cave-1024x683.jpg)We will stay in private waterfront lodgings not far outside of Neiafu and enjoy meals at a range of local restaurants. Sundays are rest days affording an opportunity to experience the renowned Tongan choirs, catch up on editing or just adjust to “island time”. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Tongan-Island-2-1024x683.jpg)One of many beautiful islands in the south of the Vava’u Island groupIf you have a group of 6, we can accomodate you in your own private lodgings and ensure you have your own private boat for your group. **What’s included**: - Boat, experienced crew and guide for 5 days on the water - Accommodation and meals during your tour dates - Photography advice and guidance in the water and expert presentations on land (both photography and whale biology) - Daily snorkelling on reefs or caves (including Swallows Cave and Mariner’s Cave) - Airport transfers in Vava’u **What’s not included**: Flights to and from Vava’u, accommodation outside of your scheduled trips dates and drinks at restaurants. Flight connections: There are regular flights from Australia and from the US to Nadi, Fiji. From Fiji, it’s a two hour flight to Vava’u, Tonga. If you are interested in a kayak/camping adventure in the beautiful Yasawa Islands pre or post Tonga, contact us. ![Crimson Crowned Fruit Dove](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Crimson-Crowned-Fruit-Dove-1024x683.jpg)Crimson Crowned Fruit Dove![Snorkelling during the lunch break](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Vavau-split-2-1024x683.jpg)Snorkelling during the lunch break Inquire for dates in 2027 and 2028 (tours are week long between July and October each year) Maximum of 6 guests. US$6,990 per person (2027) Must be a confident swimmer, able to snorkel in open ocean from a boat ### **Day 1** Transfer from Vava’u airport to our home for the duration of this adventure. Enjoy a group dinner at a local restaurant and settle in before heading out in search of Humpbacks the next day. ### **Tour days** We will spend 7 hours a day on the water to observe and swim with whales except on Sundays which is a rest day in Tonga. We will also have opportunities to snorkel in some spectacular caves and reef systems. Each day starts around 7am when you will be collected from the pier behind your accommodation, returning around 2pm affording some time each afternoon to review images, rest, take a stroll and relax. ### **Final day** Check out and return to Vava’u airport for your homeward journey. Read more about the experience [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/swimming-with-humpback-whales-in-tropical-tonga). Read more about what to know before you go [here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/3119). Read more about capturing images and video of the whales [here.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/explorer-journal/capturing-majestic-gentle-giants-tips-for-underwater-photography-of-humpback-whales-in-tonga) Here’s a short video showcasing some highlights from a recent trip to give you a sense of what to expect. Please note that diving or free-diving with Humpback Whales is prohibited under Tongan law. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Sunset-palms-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Vavau-Accom-1024x683.jpg)Waterfront accommodation – you will be picked up each morning from the pier beside your accommodation.More information in the [FAQs](https://islandsandicetravel.com/frequently-asked-questions) and the [Explorer Journal](https://islandsandicetravel.com/category/explorer-journal) sections of the website. ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/IMG_6006.jpg)swimming with gentle giants in tropical tonga ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-3-scaled.jpg)Mother and calf humpbacks mother and calf humpbacks ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Mum-Calf-2-copy-2-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Maike-with-Humpbacks-scaled.jpg)Swimming with humpbacks ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Geographic North Pole on a Luxury Expedition Icebreaker](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/northpoleonaluxuryexpeditionicebreaker) **Published:** March 18, 2025 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Travel on a luxury icebreaker expedition to the Geographic North Pole on Le Commandant Charcot, an extraordinary way to experience the high Arctic. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Low-Resolution-22-RM_00020_CC150523_Le_Commandant_Charcot_Ice_©PONANT-Photo-Ambassador-Ian-Dawson-copy.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## **Ultimate Arctic Adventure** In the realm of extreme adventures, few journeys are as audacious and unique as sailing to the Geographic North Pole. While many associate the high Arctic with forbidding ice floes, treacherous waters, and challenging conditions, for a select few, it is the ultimate destination. Currently the only passenger vessel able to comfortably navigate this icy realm is Ponant’s *Le Commandant Charcot*, a state-of-the-art polar exploration vessel. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/0436-O220522_greenland_POLAR_RAID©PONANT-julien-fabro-1024x682.jpeg)On this voyage of discovery you will witness breathtaking sights. Svalbard’s majestic glaciers, vast expanses of sea ice, and enigmatic Arctic wildlife—such as polar bears, seals, and migrating birds—make the journey an unforgettable visual experience. You will learn from a team of experts about the sea ice, ocean currents, history, wildlife and more and you will enjoy the luxurious amendments over the course of 15 nights on board. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3-1024x683.jpg)Polar Bear on the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Low-Resolution-N°0447_O160222_Punta-Arenas_Punta-Arenas©StudioPONANT-Morgane-Monneret-1024x683.jpg)Parked in the iceman opportunity to walk on the frozen oceanLe Commandant Charcot is the very first luxury hybrid electric polar exploration ship powered by liquified natural gas. It is the first passenger vessel with an ice class of PC2 (other expedition ships working in Arctic or Antarctic waters are rated PC5 – PC7 and unsuited for this journey). Enjoy beautifully appointed suites, exceptional cuisine (including the only Alain Ducasse gastronomic restaurant at sea) and informative and entertaining presentations from experts. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Low-Resolution-N°003_CC290323_LeCommandantCharcot_SuiteDeluxe_Cabine832©StudioPONANT_Morgane-Monneret-1024x683.jpg)123 suites and staterooms on board![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Low-Resolution-243CHARCOT-TRI21-100339_Shooting-Deco_CDT-Charcot_Main-Lounge©PONANT-Gilles-Trillard_clair-1024x736.jpg) 8-20 August 2027, 1-13 September 2027 From A$60,230 per person ### **Day 1** – 7 July Fly on a charter flight to Longyearbyen, Svalbard from Charles de Gaulle airport. Board the magnificent icebreaker, Le Commandant Charcot. ### **Day** 2 Sail up the west coast of Svalbard enjoying magnificent scenery as we make our way north. ### **Day**s 3-6 Breaking ice en route to the North Pole. We’ll enjoy expert presentations and be on the look out for polar bears as we head to the pole. ### **Day** 7 take walk on the ice at the North Pole. Days 9-12 Enjoy expert presentations and excursions on the ice as we head back to open water, all the while looking for wildlife. Days 13-15 Enjoy excursions in Svalbard, zodiac cruising among the ice or take a hike enjoying the glorious Svalbard scenery. Day 16 – Disembark in Longyearbyen for the return flight to Paris. The itinerary may be modified depending on weather conditions, port authorizations, and applicable government regulations. Landings, activities, and wildlife encounters cannot be guaranteed. Activities may change depending on weather conditions and navigation opportunities. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-09-12-at-2.49.26-pm.png)What’s included: - Full board from arrival to departure day - High-end gastronomy in all restaurants - All beverages in restaurants, bars, and minibars. Standard drinks are included (a selection of champagnes, wines and spirits, beers, cocktails, water, soft drinks, hot beverages) - 24-hour room service - Butler service for certain suites - Unlimited internet access onboard - Evening events, shows, and other entertainment - Access to the fitness area and sauna - All port and security charges - Excursions - Expert Guide Team - Educational program (lecture series) ![Bearded Seal](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-18-1024x745.jpg)Bearded Seal![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSC_0874-4-1024x685.jpg)Reminders of Svalbard’s whaling history ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Low-Resolution-22-RM_00020_CC150523_Le_Commandant_Charcot_Ice_©PONANT-Photo-Ambassador-Ian-Dawson-copy.jpg)North Pole ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-19.jpg)Polar bear on the pack ice ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Monacobreen-Kittiwakes.jpg)Glacier Face, Svalbard ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/195-TRI21-109785_Shooting-LifeStyle_CDT-Charcot_SPA-Sauna©PONANT-Gilles-Trillard-copie-scaled.jpeg)SAUNA with a view ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Shackleton's Antarctica-South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Weddell Sea and Elephant Island](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/shackletons-antarctica-south-georgia-south-sandwich-islands-weddell-sea-and-elephant-island) **Published:** April 28, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Extended Antarctic voyage to South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, deep into the Weddell Sea and back to Ushuaia via Elephant Island **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Zodiac-cruising-3-scaled.jpg) This is an expedition, not a cruise! Final cabins discounted ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## In the Footsteps of Shackleton This is a genuine remote expedition. Twenty-eight days on board the helicopter equipped ice-strengthened *m/v Ortelius*, tracing one of the most storied routes in the history of exploration from the mountain-fringed waterways of Ushuaia, across the Scotia Sea to the Serengeti of the South, South Georgia, the final resting place of Sir Ernest Shackleton, through the South Sandwich Islands and deep into the Weddell Sea where no other vessels venture, returning via Elephant Island to complete this historic voyage. ![Ushuaia, Argentina](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ushuaia-reflection-1024x631.jpg)Ushuaia, southern most city in the worldThe scale of life in South Georgia defies comprehension. At Salisbury Plain and St Andrews Bay, king penguin colonies stretch to the horizon. The sight, sounds and smell of hundreds of thousands of penguins seals and seabirds overwhelming the senses. Elephant seals lie together engaging in their catastrophic moult and young fur seals tumble through the surf. You will have the opportunity to pay your respects to Shackleton and Frank Wild at the Whaler’s cemetery in Grytviken and raise a quiet toast to the most audacious escape in Antarctic history. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/DSA0407-1024x685.jpg)King Penguin colony – Salisbury Plain, South Georgia![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/IMG_2592-1024x683.jpg)Wandering Albatross on the nest, South GeorgiaAfter the sensory overload of South Georgia you will sail towards the South Sandwich Islands, once again experiencing the various seabirds on this transit including two species of Diving petrel and Blue Petrels, great ‘ticks’ for the keen birder. If conditions allow on the exposed windswept coast of the South Sandwich Islands we may take to the zodiacs to get a closer look at the landscapes and wildlife after which we will press on toward Queen Maud Land and the northeast reaches of the Weddell Sea. The ice begins to appear in earnest now, first in scattered fragments, then in towering tabular bergs that dwarf the ship. This is a place that operates on its own terms. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ice-2-1024x683.jpg)Tabular icebergs and sea ice on the Queen Maud Land coastEmperor penguins have been sighted from the ice on past voyages in this region, and as you push further south, the chances of an encounter grow. These are no ordinary penguin moments. Standing at the edge of sea ice as a curious emperor waddles toward you with its improbable dignity is an experience that tends to rearrange something inside you permanently. Humpbacks feed on Antarctic krill. Weddell seals lie contentedly on floes. Crabeater and leopard seals patrol the margins. Pastel hues light the horizon for hours at this time of year as nighttime returns to Antarctica. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Emp-at-Astrid-1024x683.jpg)Emperor Penguin on sea ice, Queen Maud LandThe *Ortelius* carries three helicopters. Where Zodiacs cannot go, the helicopters take you. Ice formations that would otherwise be impassable instead become launching pads. Sea ice landings, elevated views across an empire of white, access to coastline that no other vessel reaches. These are the moments that define a voyage like this one. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Helicopter-taking-off_Hans-Murre-1024x768.jpeg)Hauling west along the Luitpold Coast and toward the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, you pass close to where Shackleton’s ship *Endurance* was trapped, crushed and finally swallowed by the ice in 1915. The wreck was only discovered in 2022, lying remarkably preserved on the seafloor below. You won’t be able to dive to it, but standing at the ship’s rail in this place, with nothing around you but ice and sky and the distant call of seabirds, the story feels utterly immediate. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Weddell-Seal-David-Sinclair-1024x683.jpg)Weddell SealThe return journey brings you past the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula where we will encounter Adelie Penguins, Gentoo Penguins and Snow Petrels. We will visit Elephant Island where twenty-two of Shackleton’s men survived for over four months while Shackleton and five crew made the historic crossing in the *James Caird* to South Georgia to raise the alarm. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Weddell-Sea-Adelie-2-1024x685.jpg)Adelie Penguins head to sea near Devil Island, Weddell SeaBy the time you cross the Drake Passage and sail back into Ushuaia, you will have logged close to four weeks in one of the most extreme and beautiful places on the planet. Truly a remote expeditionary experience like no other itinerary. This is a journey for those wishing to experience the essence of Antarctic exploration, past and present. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ortelius-at-McMurdo-Sound-Ross-Sea_Rolf-Stange-1024x682.jpeg)MV Ortelius on the ice edge.This is not a luxury cruise, it’s an expedition. It’s in keeping with our ethos that the greatest luxury is not champagne, caviar and silk sheets, it’s the time and capacity to explore regions like no-one else. Ortelius is not a luxury vessel, it’s a polar work-horse and this is the only itinerary of its kind. 7 February – 6 March 2027 From US$27,550pp Additional info ### **Day 1** Embark Ushuaia, Argentina, the southern most city in the world and set sail down the picturesque Beagle Channel that separates Argentina from Chile. ### **Day**s **2-3** At sea, sailing with the prevailing wind towards South Georgia, encountering a range of albatross and petrels ### **Day 4-6** We will sail past Shag Rocks and on to South Georgia where we will make our way down the east coast with possible landings at iconic sites like Grytviken, Salisbury Plain, St Andrews Bay, Gold Harbour or Stromness whaling station. ### **Day**s **7-8** At sea continuing to admire seabirds and keeping an eye out for whales en route to the South Sandwich Islands ### **Day 9** We will sail past the extraordinary volcanic landscapes of these rarely encountered islands and if conditions allow we may zodiac cruise. ### **Days 10-12** Sailing south for Queen Maud Land and the realm of ice shelves and Emperor Penguins. ### **Days 13-14** We will sail the coastline explored by the third German Antarctic Expedition of 1938-1939 led by Alfred Ritscher. This coastline is to the west of the Astrid and Lazarev colonies we visit on [Emperors & Mountains](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/emperors-and-mountains-of-dronning-maud-land) expeditions. ### **Days 15-22** Explore deep in the Weddell sea. This is where the ice will dictate proceedings and the helicopters will allow exploration beyond the reach of the zodiacs. In the past two seasons Ortelius has ventured further south than any other vessel in the Weddell Sea. We will continue west and then north and see how close we can get to the spot where Shackleton’s vessel *Endurance* sank. ### **Days 23-25** Exploring the northern Weddell Sea around Antarctic Sound and Brown Bluff and other sites home to Adelie and Gentoo Penguins, then on to Elephant Island where, if conditions allow we might approach Point Wild where Shackleton’s crew including Frank Wild waited for over 4 months for a rescue. ### **Days 2**6-28 Travelling back to Ushuaia across the Drake Passage. We will disembark with memories to last a lifetime. ### **What’s Included** - Voyage aboard the indicated vessel as indicated in the itinerary. - All meals throughout the voyage aboard the ship including snacks, coffee and tea. - All shore excursions and activities throughout the voyage by Zodiac. - Program of lectures by noted naturalists and leadership by experienced expedition staff. - Complimentary use of waterproof neoprene expedition muck boots and snowshoes. - Luggage transfer from pick-up point to the vessel on the day of embarkation, in Ushuaia. - Pre-scheduled group transfer from the vessel to the airport in Ushuaia (directly after disembarkation). - All miscellaneous service taxes and port charges throughout the programme. - Comprehensive pre-departure material. - Complimentary Wi-Fi connectivity. All guests receive 1.5 GB of data usage per day, which resets every 24 hours. - Complimentary Dopper water bottle for use during and after your expedition. ### **What’s Not Included** - Any airfare, whether on scheduled or charter flights. - Pre- and post- land arrangements. - Passport and visa expenses. - Government arrival and departure taxes. - Meals ashore. - Baggage, cancellation and personal insurance (which is strongly recommended). - Excess baggage charges and all items of a personal nature such as laundry, bar, beverage charges and telecommunication charges. - The customary gratuity at the end of the voyages for stewards and other service personnel aboard (guidelines will be provided). ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot-2026-04-27-at-2.09.53-pm-1024x722.png)Voyage itinerary – subject to ice, weather, and wildlife conditions. Landings are subject to site availabilities, permissions, and environmental concerns per [IAATO regulations](https://iaato.org/visiting-antarctica/visitor-guidelines-library?field_download_categories_target_id=1). Official sailing plans and landing slots are scheduled with IAATO prior to the start of the season, but the expedition leader and Master of the vessel determine the final plan. Flexibility is paramount. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ortelius-Twin-Porthole-OKF07678.jpg_Olaf-Kramer-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Grytviken-Church-1024x685.jpg)Whaler’s Church at Grytviken![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/V7-76-1024x683.jpg)King Penguins at Sunrise, South Georgia![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/DSA0124-2-1024x680.jpg)Tabular iceberg![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/BB-Penguins-2-1024x685.jpg)Adelie Penguins, Brown Bluff, Weddell Sea![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ortelius-observation-lounge-and-bar-2-©-Christophe-Gouraud-Oceanwide-Expeditions.jpeg_Christophe-Gouraud-1024x768.jpeg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Ortelius-Bridge-OKF07349.jpg_Olaf-Kramer-1024x683.jpg) Sailing south for Queen Maud Land and the realm of ice shelves and Emperor Penguins. ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Gentoos-on-ice-3-scaled.jpg)Gentoo Penguins on Ice ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Weaners-3.jpg)Elephant Seal weaners, South Georgia ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Feeding-humpbacks-Freud-Passage.jpg)humpback whales feeding ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Orcas-David-Sinclair-scaled.jpg)orca in antarctica ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Greenland Villages Hiking Tour](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/greenland-villages-hiking-tour) **Published:** June 13, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** Hike between Inuit towns on the east coast of Greenland enjoying magnificent views of mountains, wildflowers and icebergs. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-05.jpg) # Greenland Villages Hiking Tour ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Greenland Villages Hiking Tour Greenland is the largest island on the planet (four times the size of France and five times the size of California). The East coast of Greenland is colder than the west coast and largely covered in ice. This itinerary takes us on foot and by boat between four villages that are ice free and offer beautiful hikes and a slow-paced way to experience Greenland. We will enjoy beautiful hikes fabulous views of ice filled fjords and bays, granite peaks, wildflowers and Inuit culture. We’ll also enjoy boat rides between villages, passing glacial ice calved from extremely active glaciers in Sermilik Fjord. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-01-1024x683.jpg)We will be hiking in uneven and rocky terrain and hikes may take between 5-7 hours. It is therefore important that participants are fit and have previous hiking experience. Participants may also be required to lend a hand moving luggage for boat transfers. We ask that personal gear be limited to 15kg (33lb). We will provide you with a gear list on booking. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-26-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-10-1024x683.jpg) **A note about accommodation** Accommodation on this trip is basic, involving mattresses on the floor and dry toilets with showering options available but typically in a ‘service house’. We are visiting remote villages that do not enjoy all of the amenities taken for granted in many cities, towns and villages around the world. This is all part of the adventure. **A note about food** All meals are included. Fresh fish may be available in some villages. Dietary requirements must be advised well in advance so we can make arrangements as there are no restaurants and supermarkets on this trip. Your guide will prepare an evening meal. Breakfast and lunch will be fairly typical hiking fare with porridge, muesli, nuts, chocolates, bread, cheese and spreads. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-14-1024x683.jpg) 2027 €3,699 10 days – 9 nights Additional info Group size 5-12 ### **Day 1** You will be met outside the Kulusuk airport terminal where this tour starts. We walk to our traditional Greenlandic house where we will stay for the first two nights. ### **Day 2** Discovering Kulusuk Island with 6-7 hours walking exploring the coast and amazing viewpoints over ice and water. ### **Day 3** Morning boat transfer (1 hour) to Kuummitt standing at the base of gorgeous granite peaks. ### **Day 5** Transfer by small boat from Kuummitt to Tiniteqilaaq by the Ikaasatsviaq Strait a small hunters village on the Sermilik Fjord. Enjoy walking around the village and views of this very active glacial region. ### **Day 7** We take a short boat ride to Golden Beach. From here we enjoy a lovely hike to Tasiilaq, the largest town of East Greenland. 6-7hours, 350m ascent. ### **Day 9** Enjoy a free morning in Tasiilaq. In the afternoon we will enjoy a lovely boat ride back to Kulusuk ### **Day** 4 Climb Mount Qeqqit Qaqqartivaat. Enjoying fabulous views of mountains, glaciers and fjords. ### **Day 6** Enjoy a long hike (420m ascent) with gorgeous views returning to Tiniteqilaaq ### **Day** 8 Hike Somandsfjeldet and Qaqqartivakajik, enjoy a hike to the summit of Sailors Mountain (5-6 hours and 650m ascent) ### **Day** 10 Enjoy a morning walk and lunch before heading to the airport for your onward journey. ### What is and is not included All accommodation, meals and guides in Greenland. Accommodation is basic but safe and warm (no camping). Flights between Keflavik (Iceland) and Kulusuk are **not** included. The flight with [Icelandair](https://www.icelandair.com) is around 1h, 50 minutes in duration. Fog and inclement weather can cause flight delays so we recommend on your way home from Greenland that you do not book a tight connection for your onward flight from Iceland. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-map-1024x683.webp) ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-29-1024x683.jpg)![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-04-1024x683.jpg) ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-10.jpg)greenland Husky puppies ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-04.jpg)stunning scenery ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-26.jpg)Ice Filled Fjords ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Arctic-Villages-05.jpg)Remote INUIT villages ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Spring Secrets of Polar Bears](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/amazing-spring-secrets-of-polar-bears-unveiled) **Published:** August 21, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/davebriggsphotography-049A0349-scaled.jpg) ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Spring Secrets of Polar Bears This trip offers a rare opportunity to experience the high Arctic as it transitions from winter to spring. We will camp on the sea ice in the kingdom of Nanook, the polar bear. Set on the sea ice among icebergs, the camp is a perfect base to explore and a perfect location for photographers to create unique and extraordinary images of wildlife and ice. ![A pale sunrise over a frozen seascape with snow-covered foreground and a vast ice field extending to the horizon.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/NinaDefilla_AerialLandscape1-1024x576.jpg)Spring Polar Bears Camp. Image: Nina DefillaYour Inuit guides will search for opportunities to observe polar bears on the ice at a safe and respectful distance and opportunities to capture lifelong memories and superb images of polar bears and other wildlife (seals, Arctic Fox and possibly Ptarmigan). ![Group of photographers in heavy winter coats and hats standing on snow, aiming cameras at a tall jagged iceberg under a pale blue sky.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Dave-Briggs-1024x683.jpg)Photographers with polar bear mum and cubs. Image: David BriggsAs twilight paints ice in pastels and day merges into night we will be on the watch for the ethereal auroral borealis. ![](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Corona-1024x683.jpg)Aurora coronaWeather and wildlife will determine the exact itinerary for each day. Your expert guides will and hosts will keep you safe and share their intimate knowledge and experience of the Arctic with you. 10-17 April 2027. CAD$38,225 per person. 2 spots remaining ### **Day 1** Fly from Ottawa to Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut via Iqaluit. Transfer to local accommodation and meet your Expedition Leader and fellow travellers. ### **Day 2** Journey to your tented safari camp on the sea ice and settle in to camp life. ### **Day**s 3-7 Explore this extraordinary remote and beautiful high Arctic wilderness in the company of your Inuit guides. The daily schedule is determined by weather and wildlife. ### **Days** 8 & 9 Return to Qikiqtarjuaq for the night before your onward flight to Ottawa the next day. ### What’s Included - Flights and transfers from Ottawa to Qikiqtarjuaq All meals in Qikiqtarjuaq camp - Expert team on the ice. - Transfer sot and from camp - 2 nights accommodation in Qikiqtarjuaq and 6 nights at the sea ice camp. - 8 breakfasts, 7 lunches and 8 dinners ### What’s Not Included - Flights between your home and Ottawa - Gratuities and personal expenses - Travel,medical and evacuation insurance - Trip cancellation and interruption insurance (recommended) - Additional costs associated with weather delays in Ottawa, Iqaluit or Qikiqtarjuaq ![Person in a fur-lined parka and red-t framed goggles stands in a snow-covered landscape with a clear blue sky.](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Billy-Arnaquq-pictured-1024x683.jpg)Billy Arnaquq, Inuit guide, Qikiqtarjuaq. Image: David BriggsTemperatures can be extremely cold (below -30C). Suitable polar clothing is available for rent (an additional fee). You will need to collect rental clothing at Ottawa Airport prior to your flight to Iqaluit. You will need to return any rental gear to Ottawa airport on your return to mainland Canada. We will provide you with a packing list well in advance of departure. You will be able to charge batteries and laptops in camp. Power provided is 120VAC/60Hz using North American standard plug outlets. If your electronics do not have a North American standard plug, you will need to bring an adapter. Each sleeping tent is large, with a roomy entrance vestibule, ample standing room, and plenty of space for camera gear and luggage. Set directly on the sea ice, the camp offers an authentic Arctic experience and excellent opportunities for rare polar bear sightings. Tents are heated. Due to the nature of this trip, trip cancellation/interruption insurance is highly recommended. It is a condition of joining this expedition that you must be insured against medical and personal accident risks and have medical evacuation coverage for the location to which you are travelling. ## Gallery What to expect on your adventure! ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/NinaDefilla_AerialCamp3-scaled.jpg)sea ice cam: NINA defilla ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Polar-Bear-Tongue.jpg)Polar bear ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Dave-Briggs-scaled.jpg)mother and cubs: david Briggs ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Polar-Bear-Stroll.jpg)polar bear stroll ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. --- ### [Svalbard Expedition Cruise on Captain Arctic](https://islandsandicetravel.com/tours/springtime-in-svalbard) **Published:** February 5, 2026 **Author:** hello@islandsandice.com **Excerpt:** A springtime voyage aboard the new and environmentally friendly Captain Arctic along Svalbard’s west coast unfolds around the Spring equinox at the point of swift transition between polar night and endless sunshine. From late March into early April, the sun returns stretching twilight into luminous hours of blue and pink light that glaze glaciers, fjords, and jagged peaks. Sea ice drifts along the coast, sculpted by wind and tide. **Content:** ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-06.jpg) # Svalbard Expedition Cruise ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ethereal-Arctic-Ocean-1.jpg) ## Springtime in Svalbard A springtime voyage aboard the new and environmentally friendly Captain Arctic along Svalbard’s west coast unfolds around the Spring equinox at the point of swift transition between polar night and endless sunshine. From late March into early April, the sun returns stretching twilight into luminous hours of blue and pink light that glaze glaciers, fjords, and jagged peaks. Sea ice drifts along the coast, sculpted by wind and tide. Wildlife stirs back to life: seals haul out on the ice, polar bears patrol the floes, and seabirds start to return to their clifftop perches as breeding season approaches. With crisp air, pristine snow, and dramatic contrasts of light and shadow, this early-spring passage offers a rare, intimate portrait of Svalbard awakening and offers extraordinary photographic opportunities. Read more about Svalbard **[here](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=3296&action=edit)** **About the ship** C**a**ptain Arctic is a next-generation, environmentally friendly 36-passenger expedition vessel that sets a new standard in sustainable polar travel. Purpose-built for remote regions like Svalbard, Greenland and Arctic Norway, she combines wind propulsion and large solar-integrated sails with electric drive and advanced energy systems to cut emissions by up to around 90 % compared with conventional ships. ![Wind propulsion](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/NEW-SHIP-SELAR4-1-1024x585.png)Wind propulsionHer design prioritises both comfort and connection to nature. Spacious cabins and panoramic lounges offer serene views of sea and ice, while the intimate 36-guest capacity ensures personalised service and quiet, low-impact expedition cruising. ![Comfortable spacious cabins](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/CABIN-Captain-Arctic-1024x666.png)Comfortable spacious cabinsCaptain Arctic also leads in expedition functionality and environmental innovation, featuring zero-waste operations, autonomous freshwater production, organic heating systems, and near-silent sailing that enhances wildlife encounters and minimises disturbance. ![Captain Arctic Lounge](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/LOUNGE-SELAR-1.png)Captain Arctic Lounge![Svalbard Reindeer](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/3e071684-bfc2-4cb7-8be8-b9c31b3cf6b2-1024x733.jpg)Svalbard Reindeer 26 March – 3 April 2027 €11,840/person (twin share cabin) or €13,615/person (twin share suite). Sole occupancy pricing available ### **Day 1** **– 26 March** 2027 Arrive Longyearbyen and embark Captain Arctic ### **Days 2-**8 With no set itinerary your expert guides will make the most of opportunities to experience the west coast of Svalbard in all it’s grandeur whether that be through hiking, zodiac cruising or ship cruising through the pack ice. ### **Day 9 – 3 April** 2027 Disembark in Longyearbyen for your onward journey. ### **What’s Included and Not Included** **What’s Included:** - Everyday shore activities with experienced and knowledgeable expedition team (zodiac cruise, snowshoes, hiking, kayak, sauna.) - 3 sumptuous meals a day - Wine, beer, non alcoholic beverages during meals and hot beverages - Transfer from Longyearbyen airport **What’s not included:** - Flights to and from Longyearbyen or accommodation in Longyearbyen - Special wines and liquors from the cellar are available at an additional cost. - On board WiFi -this is a considered decision to ensure your trip is truly immersive and free from interruption, offering a real and sustained opportunity to disconnect with the digital realm and reconnect with nature. ![Bearded Seal](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-18-1024x745.jpg)Bearded Seal – David Sinclair![Image: Florian Ledoux](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/FLorian-Ledoux-2-1024x683.jpg)Image: Florian Ledoux![Polar bear on fast ice](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-21-1024x686.jpg)Polar bear on fast ice ## Gallery ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Twin-Cabin-19.jpg)ursus maritimus ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Polar-Bear-Tongue.jpg)Polar bear ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Monacobreen-Kittiwakes.jpg)kittiwakes by a glacier ![background image](https://islandsandicetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_9242-scaled.jpg)Arriving into spitsbergen ## Contact Us ## Please sign me up to receive Islands & Ice Travel’s newsletter and updates. ---